导航栏 ×
66职场网 > 职场资料 > 导航 >

非谓语教案

非谓语教案|非谓语教案(模板18篇)

发布时间:2024-07-25

非谓语教案(模板18篇)。

✧ 非谓语教案

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象,使得文章读起来通顺自然,高端大气,非谓语结构的运用是我们英文写作技巧的又一亮点,例如:

1.When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

2. As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。

3. As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭,只上过两年学。

4.Her job is to clean the hall.

她的工作是打扫大厅。

5.He appears to have caught a cold.

他似乎感冒了。

6.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

7.With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema.

他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。

8.This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader,to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing:he has begun to write to please.

试图消除自己和读者之间的距离或试图用不了解自己的那些人的观点来研究自己塑造的人物形象会导致自己的毁灭:因为他已经开始为取悦别人开始写作了。

9.Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.

在1925年前后,若把二三十页的信息提交给当时任何一个列强都足以改变世界历史的进程。

10. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness.

现如今的英国,习惯性聚餐仅出现在周末的富有家庭里,他们竭尽全力想要保持住某种古老并象征着团结的东西。

As more and more students tend to take computers to college, a hot discuss on this phenomenon attract people’s attention. Some say that students can use computers to study. Some think that students can contact with their families and friends. Some believe students spend too much playing computers. In my point of view, I think students should be allowed to take computers to college. Reasons are as follows.

越来越多的学生倾向于拿电脑到学校里,此现象引起了人们的关注。一些人认为学生可以借助电脑学习。一些人认为学生可以用电脑联系家人和朋友。一些人认为学生会花费很多的时间玩电脑游戏。就我看来,我认为学生应该带电脑去学校。原因如下:

First of all, students can learn much from computers. As we enter into the 21 century, almost all people use computers to work. Hence, if students own computers, then they can learn how to use computer so that they wouldn’t lag behind. Besides, students can learn knowledge by surfing the internet. If they come across a certain subject, then, they can use computers to search for the relative knowledge.

首先,学生可以从电脑里学到很多东西。自我们进入21世纪,几乎所有的人都用电脑工作。因此,如果学生有电脑的话,他们可以学习如何使用电脑,而不会落在别人后面。另外,学生也可以通过网上冲浪学到很多知识。如果他们遇到一个课题,那么,他们可以用电脑寻找相关的知识。

Secondly, student can contact with families and friends quite often. As computers are so available, people use computers to contact with their families and friend quite often by chat tools which will save us lots of money rather than talking on the phone.

其次,学生可以经常联系自己的家人和朋友。由于电脑触手可及,人们可以通过聊天工具随时联系自己的家人和朋友。用这种方式,会比我们通过电话联系他们节省很多。

All in all, students should be allowed to own computers so that they can not only learn lots of knowledge but also they can contact with others whenever they want.

总之,学生应该拥有电脑,这样的话不仅他们能学到很多的知识,而且,他们能够随时联系他人。

✧ 非谓语教案

商务英语之非谓语动词用法(1)

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词,为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的`用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦,

(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。

✧ 非谓语教案

英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。

例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent

bought come

thrown appeared

【解析】 题意为由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开。揭露,将曝光是come to light,故答案为B。

✧ 非谓语教案

教学目的:1.认识教师的作用、从师的意义,以及能者为师的道理。2.学习本文正反论证,用对比方法透辟地说明问题的写作技巧。掌握实词“师”和虚词“之”、“者”的几种用法。

教学设想:1.以串讲为主,用读读讲讲,逐段归结的方法,把词句讲解和作品分析结合起来。2.安排两教时。

教学要点:解题、简单介绍作者、读讲课文第一、二两段。

教学内容和步骤:

1.板书课题。2.解题:“说”是议论文的一种。“师说”即“说师”,意思是“说说关于从师的道理”。韩愈说写这篇文章是送给他的学生李蟠(pán)的,其实也是针砭时弊之作。

3.作者简介:

韩愈(768——824),字退之,河阳(今河南孟县)人。因为昌黎(今河北昌黎县)韩氏是望族,所以后人又称他为韩昌黎。他二十五岁中进士,二十九岁以后才登上仕途,累官至吏部侍郎。中间曾几度被贬,他的整个中年时代是不得志的。

韩愈是唐代古文运动的倡导者。他反对六朝以来浮华艳丽的文风,竭力主张“文以载道”,提出了“惟陈言之务去”、“辞必己出”的口号,对当时和后世的影响极其深远。

韩愈不仅是唐代古文运动的领袖,而且也是杰出的散文作家。著有《昌黎先生文集》四十卷,其中有许多为人们所传诵的优秀散文。他的散文,题材广泛,内容深刻,形式多样,语言质朴,风格刚健,气势雄壮,因此苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”,后世尊他为唐宋八大家(韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩、王安石)之首。

《师说》是韩愈的代表作之一,是他三十五岁时在长安任国子博士时写的。柳宗元很推崇这篇文章,在《答韦中立论师道书》中曾说:“今之世不闻有师;有,辄笑之,以为狂人。独韩愈奋不顾流俗,犯笑侮,收召后学(晚辈),作《师说》,因抗颜而为师(抗颜,端正容颜。抗颜而为师,正正经经地做起老师来了),世果群怪聚骂,指目(手指而目视)牵引(拉拉扯扯),而增与为言辞(增添一些言辞来毁谤韩愈)。愈以是得狂名。”文章针对当时士大夫耻于从师的恶劣社会风气,阐述了师的作用和标准,从师学习的重要性和从师应持的态度,提倡能者为师、不耻下问、教学相长。这些精辟的见解还突破了孔子学说的框框,因有进步的一面,在当时是具有移风易俗影响的。

4、教师范读。

5、读讲课文第1、2两段:

第1段,总述“师”的作用,从师学习的必要性以及应该拜什么人为师的问题。

文章首句开门见山地指出:“古之学者必有师。”“古”,古时候,指两汉以前。“之”,结构助词,相当于现代汉语的“的”。“者”,附在动词“学”的后面,结合成一个名词性的结构,叫“者”字结构,相当于现代汉语里的“的”字结构“……的(人)”“学者”是学习的人,不同于今天所说的有学问的人。三字“必有师”,鲜明地针对时弊提出问题,突出地强调了论点,是全文论述的总纲。第二句“师者,所以传道受业解惑也。”“所以”,用他。这里的“者”是个语气助词,用在句子里表示略作停顿。“……者,……也”是古汉语中判断句的格式。以上从正面说。“人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?”“知”,懂得、明白;“之”,代词,代“知”的对象,指知识和道理。“惑而不从师”,有了疑难问题而不去跟随老师学习,“其为惑也,终不解矣。”那些成为疑难问题的,最后也得不到解决了。以上再从反面说。一正一反,强调了从师学习的必要性。接着,提出对“师”的看法:凡先闻道者 ,都可以为师。作者运用排比句和反问句,并且一口气连用了八个“吾”字,语势流畅,跌宕有力。“夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?”是一个难句。“夫”,音义同“彼”。“庸”是疑问语气助词,可译成“怎么”。动词“知”后面的结构复杂。“其年之先后生于吾”,“先生于吾”是“大”,“后生于吾”是“小”。这句意思是:那怎么去管他们的年龄是比我大还是比我小呢?”“道之所存,师之存也”,有不耻下问、能者为师的观点。在结构上,既照应开头“传道”是“师”的首要职能,又为下段议论张本。(读讲至此,教师可带领学生集体朗读本段一至三遍,力求把文章的语势读出来。)

读后小结:这一段论述师的职能和从师的必要性,中心围绕一个“道”字。这和作者自命继承儒家道统有关。文中提出从师不论长少、贵贱,有他破除对长者、贵者的迷信的一面,也有为也自己“抗颜为师”(一本正经地做老师)申说理由的一面。

第2段,批评当时社会上耻于从师的不良风气。文章紧承上文“学者必有师”的观点,感情强烈地慨叹今日师道之不传,转入对耻于从师的批评,过渡极为自然。这一段,作者运用反复对比的方法来加强文章的说服力。

先是以“今之众人”与“古之圣人”来对比。

板书:

说明如果不从师学习,那么愚人就更加“愚”了。“圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎?”“其”,音义同“岂”,表推测语气,“大概”的意思。“此”,代词,指从师与否。这一句中的两个“所以”,与文章开头“师者,所以传道受业解惑也”中的“所以”有什么不同呢?这一句中的两个“所以”,由“凭借它”的意思引伸为“……的原因”;文章开头句中的“所以”则是“用他来”或“靠他来”的意思。都跟现代汉语中表因果关系的连词“所以”不同。

再以“为子的择师”和“其身则耻师”来对比。板书:

证明这是“小学而大遗”的反常的做法。“句读之不知……明也”,也是一个难句,要理解为:“句读之不知,或师焉;惑之不解,或否焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。”“小学”指“句读之不知,或师焉”;“大遗”指“惑之不解,或否焉。”

再次以“巫医乐师百工之人”与“士大夫之族”来对比。板书:

说明“士大夫之族”在这个问题上连“巫医乐师百工之人”都不如。最后以慨叹从师的风尚不能恢复,是一种可怪现象,与本段开头相呼应。注意:“官盛则近谀”的“谀”后面的引号应当移到上文“道相似也”的“也”后面,因为“位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀”是韩愈对“耻学于师”者的批评,不是“士大夫之族”讲的。这段末一句“巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!”句中前一“其”,指代“君子”,“智”可作“见识”讲;后一“其”,音义同“岂”,表反问语气。(集体朗读本段一至三遍。)

读后小结:通过以上三层对比,极言师道不传之可叹与可怪,针砭时弊,发人深思。6.布置作业:反复朗读课文。并作好回讲课文第1、2段的准备。

教学要点:读讲课文第3、4段,总结课文;结合“思考和练习”三——五题,讲实词“师”和虚词“之”、“者”的几种用法。

教学内容和步骤:

2.读讲课文第3、4段。

第3段,论述“圣人无常师”,从正面进一步阐明能者为师的道理。

“郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子”,“其贤”的贤,是指德和才。下文“师不必贤于弟子”中的贤,则可作高明讲。“术业有专攻”,术,本义是道路;术业,“不是技术才能和学业”,而是所从事的学业。“术”的相同用法如《隆中对》有“智术浅短”,智术是“智慧和所采取的建国路线”。“三人行”的“三”不是只表多数,很多人在一起走路,当然会有老师,这就失去这一格言的警辟性。“三”是“少中见多”,即最起码的多数的人在一起行走,就必然有我的老师。

读后小结:这段引用历史事实,从“古之圣人”中举出孔子为例证加以申述。从孔子师郯子等人的事迹,推断出“是故弟子……术业有专攻”这个重要结论。这个观点,无疑是进步的。

第4段,说明写作这篇文章的原由。作者称赞李蟠“好(hào)古文”,“不拘于时”,“能行古道”,为的慨叹“师道之不传”,古今对照,虚实并举,突出了中心,增强了文章的说服力。(集体朗读。)

读后小结:篇末点明作此文的原因和目的,首尾呼应,结构严谨。

3.集体朗读全文一、二遍。

4.总结课文:本文以“师说”为题,讲了许多从师的道理。其中“人非生而知之者,孰能无惑”,强调了从师学习的必要;“无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存”,阐述了能者为师、虚心好学的从师态度;“弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子”,辩证地指出了师生关系。这些道理,在今天仍然有借鉴意义。当然,韩愈站在封建阶级的立场上,他所说的“道”,是指“圣人之道”。他认为“巫医乐师百工之人”是“君子不齿”的,“士大夫之族”本应比他们高明,这是作者的阶级局限。又如,作者重“传道”,而轻“彼童子之师”的“授书”、“习句读”。也是片面的。对于这些,应适当指出。

5.指导学生作“思考和练习”:

第一题参考答案见“课文总结”部分。

第二题参考答案见课文第二段的读讲内容。

第三题:讲结构助词“之”的几种用法,略作补充如下:

(1)用在修饰语和被修饰语之间,使二者组成偏正结构,相当于现代汉语的“的”。(2)①用在主语和谓语之间,使原来的主谓结构变成一个偏正结构,作句中的主语、宾语或表示时间的短语等,有时也作复合句中的一个分句。②用在动词和它的宾语之间,起着把宾语提前的作用,以达到强调的目的。

参考答案:1、结构助词,相当于现代汉语“的”。 2、代词,代“知”的对象。3、结构助词,用在主谓关系中,表明这里的主谓结构并不构成独立的句子,而只是句中的一个词组或分句。4、结构助词,取消句子的独立性,使它成为句子的一个成分。5、前一个“之”是结构助词,作“的”讲;后一个“之”是代词,代“童子”。6、结构助词,用在前置宾语和动词之间,表示宾语的前置。7、结构助词。“师道之不传”是句子的主语部分,用“之”,取消句子的独立性,使之相当于一个词组。

第四题,补充例句如下:(1)“者”相当于“……的(人)”,如:①捕蛇者。说②乃使其从者衣褐。(2)“者”语气助词,用在句子里表示略作停顿,如:①廉颇者,赵之良将也。②彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。

第五题参考答案:1、师道,以道为师。“师”是意动词。2、“不耻相师”即不以相师为可耻。3、“尚羞之”即尚且以之为羞,认为这是羞耻的。4、“先国家之急”即以国家的危急作为自己先考虑的问题。“而后私仇”,把私人的仇怨放在后面。5、“毒之”,即以之为毒。“你认为这件事应该怨恨吗?或“你怨恨这件事吗?”6、“怪之”即“以之为怪”,认为这件事很奇怪

古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。

嗟乎!师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣!古之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉;今之众人,其下圣人也亦远矣,而耻学于师。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎?爱其子,择师而教之;于其身也,则耻师焉,惑矣。彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人,不耻相师。士大夫之族,曰师曰弟子云者,则群聚而笑之。问之,则曰:“彼与彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀。”呜呼!师道之不复,可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!

圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:“三人行,则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已。

李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六艺经传皆通习之,不拘于时,学于余。余嘉其能行古道,作《师说》以贻之。

古代求学的人必定有老师。老师,是用来传授道理、讲授学业、解答疑难问题的。人不是一生下来就懂得道理的,谁能没有疑惑?有了疑惑,如果不跟老师学习,那些成为疑难的问题,就始终不能解开。出生在我之前的人,他懂得的道理本来就比我早,我跟从他,拜他为老师;出生在我之后的人,如果他懂得道理也比我早,我也跟从他,拜他为老师。我是向他学习道理的,哪管他的年龄比我大还是小呢?因此,无论高低贵贱,无论年长年幼,道理存在的地方,就是老师所在的地方。

唉!古代从师学习的风尚不流传已经很久了,要人没有疑惑也难了!古代的圣人,超出一般人很远,尚且要跟从老师请教(他,焉为代词);现在的一般人,才智不及圣人也很远,却以向老师学习为耻。因此,圣人更加圣明,愚人更加愚昧。圣人成为圣人的原因,愚人成为愚人的原因,大概都是由于这个原因吧? 爱自己的孩子,选择老师来教他。但是对于他自己,却以跟从老师学习为可耻,这是糊涂的!那些儿童的老师,教他读书,学习书中的文句,并不是我所说的传授道理,解答疑难问题的老师。不知句读要问老师,有疑惑不能解决却不愿问老师;小的方面倒要学习,大的方面却放弃了。我没有看到他的明达。巫医、乐师、各种工匠这些人,不以互相学习为耻。士大夫这一类人,听到称“老师”称“弟子”等等,就聚在一起嘲笑他。问他们(为什么笑),就说:“他和他年龄差不多,懂得的道理也差不多。把地位低的人当做老师,就足以感到耻辱;把官大的人当做老师,就被认为近于谄媚。”哎!求师的道理的难以恢复由此可以知道了!巫医、乐师、各种工匠这些人,有道德有修养的人不屑一提,现在他们的智慧竟然反而比不上这些人了,这真是奇怪啊!

 圣人没有固定的老师,孔子曾以郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃为师。郯子这些人,贤能都比不上孔子。孔子说:“几个人同行,那么里面一定有可以当我的老师的人。”所以学生不一定不如老师,老师不一定比学生贤能。接受道理有早有晚,学问和技艺上各有各的专门研究,如此而已。

李家的孩子叫蟠的,十七岁,喜欢古文,六艺的经文和传记都普遍学习,不被耻于从师的世俗限制,向我学习。我赞赏他能履行古人之道,写《师说[1]》送给他。

[2]道:指儒家孔子、孟轲的哲学、政治等原理、原则。可以参看本书上面所选韩愈《原道》。

[4]业:泛指古代经、史、诸子之学及古文写作,可 以参看本书下面所选韩愈《进学解》中所述作者治学内容。

[5]人非生而知之者:人不是生下来就懂得道理。之,指知识和道理。语本《论语·述而》:“子曰:‘我非生而知之者,好古敏以求之者也。’” 《论语·季氏》:“孔子曰:‘生而知之者,上也;学而知之者,次也。’”孔子承认有生而知之的人,但认为自己并非这样。韩愈则进一步明确没有生而知之的人。

[7]闻道:语本《论语·里仁》:“子曰:‘朝闻道,夕死可矣。’”闻,听见,引伸为懂得。道:这里作动词用,学习、从师的意思。

[8]从而师之:跟从(他),拜他为老师。师之,即以之为师。

[9]夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎:哪管他的生年是比我早还是比我晚呢?庸,岂,哪。知,了解,知道。

[10]道之所存,师之所存:知识、道理存在的地方,就是老师存在的地方。

[15]是故圣益圣,愚益愚:因此圣人更加圣明,愚人更加愚昧。益,更加,越发。

[18]句读(dòu逗):也叫句逗。古代称文辞意尽处为句,语意未尽而须停顿处为读(逗),句号为圈,逗号为点。古代书籍上没有标点,老师教 学童读书时要进行句逗的教学。读,通“逗”。

[19]或师焉,或不(fǒu)焉:有的(指“句读之不知”这样的小事)请教老师,有的(指“惑之不解”这样的大事)却不问老师。“不”同“否”。此句翻译时应注意交错翻译,详见下文翻译。

[20]小学而大遗:小的方面(句读之不知)倒要学习,大的方面(惑之不解)却放弃了。

[21]巫医:古代用祝祷、占卜等迷信方法或兼用药物医治疾病为业的人,连称为巫医。《逸周书·大聚》有关于“巫医”的记载。《论语·季氏》:“人而无恒,不可以作巫医。”视为一种低下的职业。

[27]君子:古代“君子”有两层意思,一是指地位高的人,一是指品德高的人。这里用前一种意思,相当于士大夫。不齿:不屑与之同列,表示鄙视。 齿,原指年龄,也引伸为排列。幼马每年生一齿,故以齿计马岁数,也以指人的年龄。古人常依年龄长少相互排列次序。本句反映封建阶级的传统偏见。

[29]其可怪也欤:难道值得奇怪吗?其,语气词,起加强反问语气作用。

[30]圣人无常师:《论语·子张》:“子贡曰‘……夫子焉不学,而亦何常师之有?’”夫子,老师,指孔子。子贡说他何处不学,又为什么要有一定的老师呢!

[31] 郯(tán)子:春秋时郯国(今山东郯城一带)的国君,孔子曾向他请教过少皞(hào浩)氏(传说中古代帝王)时代的官职名称。

[32]苌(cháng)弘:东周 敬王时候的大夫,孔子曾向他请教古乐。师襄:春秋时鲁国的乐官,名襄,孔子曾向他学习弹琴。师,乐师。

[33]老聃(dān丹):即老子,春秋时楚国人,思想家, 道家学派创始人。孔子曾向他请教礼仪。

[34]三人行句:语本《论语·述而》:“子曰:‘三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。’”

[36]术业有专攻:学问和技艺上(各)自有(各的)专门研究。攻:学习、研究。

[37]李氏子蟠:李蟠(pán盘),唐德宗贞元十九年(8)进士。

[38]六艺经传(zhuàn):六艺的经文和传文。六艺:指六经,即《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六部儒家经典。经:六经本文。传:注解经典的著作。

[39]不拘于时:不被时俗所限制。时,时俗,指当时士大夫中耻于从师的不良风气。于,被

(1)生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾(介词,相当于“于”,前一个是“在”的意思;后一个是“比”,表比较)

(4)嗟乎!师道之不传了久矣(语气助词,表感叹,与“嗟”连用,译为“唉”)

(8)彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者(助词,的;代词,指代童子)

(5)其可怪也欤(副词,与“也欤”配合表反问语气,相当于“这不是……吗?”)

(1)师者,所以传道受业解惑也(句末语气助词,与“者”连用,表判断)

2. 人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?

3. 吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?

译文:我学习的道理,哪里计较他生年比我早还是晚呢?

4. 是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。

译文:所以无论地位显贵还是地位低下,无论年长还是年少,道理存在的地方,就是老师存在的地方。

5. 是故,圣益圣,愚益愚。

6. 句读之不知,惑之不解,惑师焉,惑不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。

译文:文句不理解,疑惑不能解决,有的向老师学习,有的却不向老师求教,小的方面学习,大的方面丢弃,我看不出他们有什么明智的。

7. 是故弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已。

译文:所以学生不一定不如老师,老师也不一定比学生强,闻知道理有先有后,技能学业各有专门研究,如此而已

✧ 非谓语教案

非谓语动词是动词之一,怎么去运用与区分呢?以下是小编整理的非谓语动词基本知识介绍,欢迎参考阅读!

一、非谓语动词的概念

动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done。其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行;过去分词表示被动和完成。

二、非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式:不定式:主动to do ,被动to be done ; ing 形式:主动doing ,被动being done ;过去分词:被动done

完成式:不定式:主动to have done ,被动to have been done;ing 形式:主动having done,被动having been done

进行式: 不定式to be doing

三、非谓语动词的复合结构

不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.

动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)

1. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验,不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(2)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2. 不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

① 不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

② 如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也要是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。

puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的.。

The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

(1)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

acknowledge,admit ,dislike, advocate,complete,appreciate ,avoid,enjoy,delay,escape,deny

例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(2)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

① forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做),forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

② stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事。stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

③ remember to do 记住去做某事(未做),remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

④ regret to do对要做的事遗憾,regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

⑤ try to do努力、企图做某事,try doing试验、试一试某种办法

⑥ mean to do打算,有意要…,mean doing意味着

4. 不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

① 现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

② 过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

5. 非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。

When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

(2)不带to的不定式

① 在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。

这类词有: feel observe overhear watch listen to perceive notice see look at hear

On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.

② 另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。

I would have you know that I am ill.我想让你知道我病了。

上述感觉动词与使意动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,

The boy was made to go to bed early.

③ 在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。

例如:Last night I did nothing but watch TV.

但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带to。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.

✧ 非谓语教案

1,非谓语动词作主语,宾语

如:

2,非谓语动词作定语(最常见)

主要特征是位于名词后作后置定语,都可以改写成一个定语从句(也可以看做是定语从句的简化),翻译时当做定语从句来翻

如:

3,非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词作状语的本质,是将一个主语发出的两个或多个动作放在一个句子里,因此任何一个带着非谓语动词的句子其实都可以改写为两个句子,翻译时要先找句子的逻辑主语,再根据非谓语在句中所做的成分或所起的作用进行翻译。

(1)表伴随

(2)表原因

(3)表条件

(4)表目的或结果,译时增加表“目的”的词

(5)表方式,分词表方式时,可以改写为由by, through 等介词引导的介词短语,翻译时要加“通过”等表示方法手段的词

(6)表让步

理解了非谓语动词的功能之后,将他们运用到汉译英当中,就是下面要讲的“多动词句”的翻译。

l多动词句的翻译(通过非谓语和介词短语打造句子层次性)

翻译时,我们经常会遇到一个句子中出现多个动词的情况,比如“电视的观众看得见雨气之中,乐队长的指挥杖竟失手落地,连忙俯身拾起。”这点在汉语中尤其多见,然而在英语中,一个句子只能有一个谓语动词,因此就需要我们采用各种方法,让这些动词在一个句子中“共存”~上面说过的非谓语和之前的介词短语都是打造句子层次性的方法。

一,表示连续发生的动作,在时间上有先后之分,一般译为并列句。

如,

(以上两例中的动作都是具有时间上的相继顺序的~用了小学生都会用的并列结构来译)

二,前一谓语表示方式或手段,后一个谓语表示目的或结果。这时一般将前一个动词译为谓语动词,后一个动词译为不定式或分词作结果状语。

如:.

三,前一谓语表示后一谓语的方式,在英语中一般处理为分词作状语或由介词with by in through 作状语的句式。如:

四,第二个谓语表示第一个谓语所产生的原因。一般将第一个动词谓语译成谓语动词,将第二个动词译成不定式作原因状语,或译成动名词作介词宾语,来表示原因。例如:

英语中使用分词短语或是介词短语,虽然不像使用连词说的那样明确,仍然可以体现句中各成分的不同层次,因此在翻译时,要经常提醒自己多多使用分词,不定式及介词短语以此来提高我们译文质量。关于多动词句宏观的翻译,我们之后会进行详细讲解。

✧ 非谓语教案

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。

【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:

(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。

(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。

(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。

值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:

(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

此题的答案是 C不是A,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

此题答案选 C,这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.

此题答案选D,注意两点:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。

2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

【陷阱】容易误选B,根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。

【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:

can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事

又如下面一题,答案也是 B:

She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

再请看以下试题:

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

C. being persuadedD. be persuaded

此题应选C,句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。

3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:

(1) devote 意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to,其中的to 是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。

(3) 选B正确:all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。

(4) 选C错误:因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。

(5) 选D错误:若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。

请做以下类似题(答案均选A):

(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. have been completed

C. had been completed D. been completed

(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

A. being, support B. was, support

C. has been, supporting D. is, to support

比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:

(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. have been completed

C. had been completed D. been completed

(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

A. being, support B. was, support

C. has been, supporting D. is, to support

4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.

【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。

【分析】其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but,not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):

The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.

5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:

Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.

答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。

比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:

(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.

C. to be arguing D. being argued

(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.

6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.

【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:

remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事

remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)

remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)

请看两个例句:

I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。

My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。

Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?

7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A,you fly 是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。

8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing

C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do

【陷阱】容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。

【分析】正确答案为B,因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的 to 也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事

be equal to doing sth 等于做某事,能胜任做某事

What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样

9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.

【陷阱】容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。

【分析】答案应选C。其实,动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist 通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on或upon,即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:

He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。

I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。

10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

【陷阱】容易误选D,根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。

【分析】最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如 I have some clothes to wash等,即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:

Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?

I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。

11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.

【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。

【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):

I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.

但是,下面一题稍有不同:

Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.

A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open

C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened

此题答案选B,leaving 在此表结果,lying open 与其前的动词leave有关,leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。

12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下:

(1) 第一空填 be,是因为insisted 后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。

(2) 第二空要填to do,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有 make the most of (尽量利用),make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:

(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.

此题答案选 A,不是 B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:

…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station

由此可见,make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials,其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。

(2) Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?

此题答案选B,不是A。句子主语是 the way,you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句,不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语,也就是说,句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。

13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:

(1) that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。

(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系,故填过去分词 carried out。

请做以下类似试题:

(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?

在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:

I think I’d like to have a boy go with me.

句中的 go 要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词a boy 提问,便可得出:

Who do you think you’d like to have go with you?

对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。

(2) Who did the boss _____ his car this time?

C. make washing D. making to wash

在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:

The boss made Jack wash his car this time.

假若对句中的名词Jack 提问,便可得出:

Who did the boss make wash his car this time?

由此可知上面题答案为A。

(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.

此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。

14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语 look forward to意为“盼望”,其中的 to 是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come,而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是:the holiday为句子主语,we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that,被省略),has come 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:

(1) The man you referred to _____ just now.

答案选D,句子主语为 the man,you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句,空白处填 came,为句子谓语。

(2) The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.

答案选A,he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句,句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.

(3) The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.

答案选A,he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.

(4) I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.

答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语,正确的句子分析是:that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句,finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that,其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。

(5) Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing?

答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which,不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend… 用作目的状语。

(5) What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own.

答案选C,而不选A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句,空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。

(6) Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use.

A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove

答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是 nothing,that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是 proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”

(7) The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.

答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house 的定语从句,句中的stands 为主句谓语。

(8) The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours.

答案选D。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句,to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。

(9) The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.

答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句,to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。

(10) The result what he said would lead _____ his regret in the future.

答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句,to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。

15. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。

【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:

_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.

但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):

_______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.

请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词 and(填空句为祈使句):

(1) _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.

(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.

(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.

(4) _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.

(5) _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:

(6) _____ down the radio - the baby’s asleep in the next room.

(7) _____ some of this juice - perhaps you will like it.

以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等(填空句为祈使句):

(8) ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

(9) ______ left when you get to the end of the street.

(10) ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

(11)______ until the lights have turned to green.

(12) ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.

以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:

(13) I don’t want to listen a long story - just _____ me the result.

(14) Why stand there watching - _____ and help us!

(15) Don’t waste your money on silly things - ______ it.

(16) First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.

A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking

C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking

(17) To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):

(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.

(19) _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.

(20) ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.

(21) ______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.

3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you.

4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.

6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

C. to be studying D. to have been studying

7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.

A. it what to do with B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it D. to do what with it

8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.

10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.

A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief

C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.

12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”

14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”

15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.

16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.

17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.

18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.

19. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searching thoroughly

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”

A. to solving, making B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making D. to solve, made

21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_______ her new bike.”

22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.

23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.

A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing

C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing

26. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.

28. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.

C. to send it to D. for sending it to

29. _______ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.

30. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.

C. to follow D. to be followed by

31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.

C. to be explaining D. having explained

32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.

33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.

34. Certainly I posted your letter - I remember ______ it.

35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.

36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.

A. turning, going B. to turn, to go

C. turning, to go D. to turn, going

37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded B. It was founded

39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.

A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars

40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.

43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”

45. What have we said _______ her so happy?

46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed

C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed

47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”

A. that marked B. was marked with

48.If the car won’t start, _____ it.

C. to try pushing D. to try to push

49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选D。catch sb doing sth 意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。

2. 选B。这是一个含when 引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,having a good teacher 在主句中用作主语。

3. 选C。句中的 it 为形式主语,不定式 to be asked to speak to you 为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。

4. 选 B。like 和 love后接不定式或动名词均可,但 would love / like 后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项 C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选 B。

5. 选A,before 引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中 it will have … 为修饰名词 the effect 的宾语从句。

6. 选 A。根据句中的 studied 可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前,故用完成式,即选 A。

7. 选 C。do with 与 what 连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:

What shall I do with it? 怎样处置它好呢?

What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的雨伞放到哪 里去了?

I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。

8. 选B。anyone seen carrying bags…为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略,其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags … 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外,句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。

9. 选 B。devote…to… 的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,若后动词要用动名词。句中的 he had 为定语从句,用以修饰 all,注意不将 had to 视为同一个语义结构。

10. 选 C。lead to 意为“导致”,其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 为被动关系,故答案选 C。

11. 选 D。look forward to 意为“期盼”,其中 to 是介词,后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选 B,因为 pay a visit 不能带 the flower-lined garden 作宾语,假若在 paying a visit 后加上介词 to,则可选 B。

12. 选A。句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形。

13. 选B。现在分词短语表伴随。

14. 选C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。

15. 选A。(be) lost to sth 为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。

16. 选C。因keys 与 find 是被动关系。

17. 选 A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词 not 置于不定式符号 to 之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合 tell sb (not) to do sth 这一结构可排除选项 C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号 to。

18. 选 B。find 后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he 与 smoke 是主动关系,故选 B。

19. 选 D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项,finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she,而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等,故选 D。

20. 选 B。the key to… 意为“……的关键”,其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面,名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求),同时根据句中的 by the customers,可确定答案选 B。

21. 选 C。答句是针对疑问词 what 的回答,而问句中的疑问词 what 在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适。其完整回答形式为 Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有 To choose a new chairman 能回答疑问词 why:

“Why was a special meeting called?” “______ a new chairman.”

22. 选 D。由于 the research 与 begin 是被动关系,故用过去分词 begun。Once begun 可视为 once it is begun 之省略。

23. 选 C。由于 his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为 lack 是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选 C。

24. 选 D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词 not 放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除 A、C。另外,由于 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系,故选 D。

25. C。第一空填 sung,因为 song 与 sing 是被动关系;第二空填 sing,因为 you 与 sing 是主动关系。

27. 选 A。until spoken to 可视为 until he is spoken to 之略。

28. 选C,不定式短语to send it to 用作这语,修饰其前的名词 the person。注意句尾的介词 to 不能省略,因为被修饰的名词 the person 为介词 to 的逻辑宾语。

29. 选 C。this medicine 与动词take 为被动关系,故用过去分词。

30. 选A。从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着。

31. 选A。go on doing sth = 继续做同一事情,go on to do sth = 做完某事后续继做某事。

32. 选C。excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。

33. 选C。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事,remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。

34. 选A。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事,remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。

35. 选B。根据下文的 I can only go so fast 知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较:stop doing sth = 停止做某事,stop to do sth = 停下正在做的事去干另一事。

36. 选D。一是分清以下两个结构:remember to do sth=记住做某事,remember doing sth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意 when going to bed 相当于 when you go to bed。

37. 选 D。由于动词 give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选 D。其中 Given time 可视为 If he is given time 之略。

38. C。由于 Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有 in 1636,故选 C。注意不能选 B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。

39. 选D,由于 remain 为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词 remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式to remain 用作修饰 20 dollars 的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为 remain 不及物)。现在分词remaining 的意思是“剩下的”。

40. 选 B。动词 hang 表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可,但不能填 being hung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。

41. 选 C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。

With such good cardres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心。

42. 选 B。remain 作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语。由于 see 与 it(形式主语,指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。

43. 选 D。否定词 not 应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系,故选 D。

44. 选 D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。

45. 选 B。to make her so happy 是结果状语。注意词序What have we…,不是 What we have…。比较下面一题(答案选D):

What we have said ________ her so happy.

46. 选 B。否定词 not 应放在-ing 形式之前,逻辑主语 his 之后,由此可排除 C 和 D;又因为 the child 与 allow 是被动关系,故选 B。

47. 选D。marked with 可视为 which is marked with No. 9 之略。

48. 选B。注意句首为if 引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是 to try;另外,try doing sth 的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。

✧ 非谓语教案

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

✧ 非谓语教案

英文中的非谓语结构很重要,这个结构涉及到英文写作等很重要的内容,对语法的帮助也是非常重要的,非谓语结构就是非谓语动词的结构,现在分词,过去分词,不定式叫做非谓语结构,就是有动词的意思包含在之中但在句中不做谓语。非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象,使得文章读起来通顺自然,高端大气,非谓语结构的运用是我们英文写作技巧的又一亮点,例如:

1.When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

2. As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。

3. As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭,只上过两年学。

4.Her job is to clean the hall.

她的工作是打扫大厅。

5.He appears to have caught a cold.

他似乎感冒了。

6.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

7.With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema.

他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。

8.This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader,to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing:he has begun to write to please.

试图消除自己和读者之间的距离或试图用不了解自己的那些人的.观点来研究自己塑造的人物形象会导致自己的毁灭:因为他已经开始为取悦别人开始写作了。

9.Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.

在1925年前后,若把二三十页的信息提交给当时任何一个列强都足以改变世界历史的进程。

10. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness.

现如今的英国,习惯性聚餐仅出现在周末的富有家庭里,他们竭尽全力想要保持住某种古老并象征着团结的东西。

✧ 非谓语教案

a用在辅音音素前,包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前,注意,这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母。

an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母),

例:a hotel [一家旅馆

a knife 一把小刀

a useful tool 一件有用的工具

a university 一所大学

a European country一个欧洲国家

a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人

an hour ] 一小时

an ant 一只蚂蚁

an honour 一种荣誉

an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩

an umbrella 一把伞

an onion一个洋葱

an eye 一只眼睛

an ear [一只耳朵

an English book [ 一本英语书

an egg 一只鸡蛋

an ap 一个苹果

an island 一座岛

an uncle一位叔叔

an old man 一位老人

✧ 非谓语教案



非谓语动词是英语语法中的重要部分,它包括不定式、动名词和分词。掌握了非谓语动词的用法和特点,可以帮助我们更准确、简洁地表达自己的意思。下面,我们将从不同角度详细讲解非谓语动词,并通过课件的形式生动地展示给大家。



第一部分:不定式



不定式是非谓语动词中的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。它有时可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等不同的句子成分。比如,在下面的句子中,不定式分别充当了不同的句子成分:



1. 主语:To learn a new language is challenging.



2. 宾语:She wants to go shopping.



3. 表语:His dream is to become a famous musician.



4. 定语:She needs a pen to write with.



5. 状语:He left the room to grab a drink.



第二部分:动名词



动名词是非谓语动词中的另一种形式,它由动词的现在分词形式构成,常以-ing结尾。动名词可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等不同的句子成分。下面是一些例子:



1. 主语:Singing makes her happy.



2. 宾语:I enjoy playing basketball.



3. 表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.



4. 定语:The running water sounded soothing.



5. 状语:He did his homework while listening to music.



第三部分:分词



分词是非谓语动词中的最后一种形式,它包括现在分词和过去分词。分词可以用作定语和状语。现在分词以-ing结尾,过去分词通常以-ed或-en结尾。以下是一些例子:



1. 定语:The broken window needs to be repaired.



2. 状语:Smiling happily, she greeted her friends.



3. 定语:The stolen wallet has been returned.



4. 状语:Exhausted from work, he fell asleep in the chair.



通过这个课件,我们了解了非谓语动词的不同形式和用法。熟练掌握非谓语动词的用法,可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的意思,使句子更加简洁明了。

✧ 非谓语教案

非谓语动词短语汇总

后接不定式to do/do

1.like to do sth

2.like sb to do sth

3.Let's (not ) do sth

4.want to do sth

5.want sb to do sth

to do sth

7.ask sb (not ) to do sth

8.stop to do sth

9.tell sb (not ) to do sth

10.watch sb do sth

11.It's time (for sb) to do sth

12.help sb (to ) do sth

13.help do sth

14.make sb do sth

15.decide (not ) to do sth

16.find it +adj + to do sth

17.have to do sth

18.try (not ) to do sth

19.try one's best to do sth

20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth

21.plan to do sth

22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth

23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth

24.send sb to do sth

25.invite sb to do sth

26.forget to do sth

to be +时间

28.be able to do sth

29.have sth to do

30.seem to do sth

31.get sb /sth to do sth

32.疑问词+ to do sth

33.need sth to do sth

34.use sth to do sth

35.follow sb to sth

36.need to do sth

37.a good time to do sth

38.the best time to do sth

39.the best way to do sth

40.be the first / last one to do sth

41.would like to do sth

42.be excited /surprised to do sth

43.be useful to do sth

44.be allowed to do sth

45.allow sb to do sth

46.It's better to do sth

47.It's best to do sth

48.take care (not) to do sth

49.see sb do sth

50.why not do sth ?

51.have enough time to do sth

52.too… to do sth

53.not… enough to do sth

54.encourage sb to do sth

55.choose to sth

56.wait to do sth

57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth

58.make it +adj + to do sth

59.be careful to do sth

60.be afraid to do sth

61.It's our duty to do sth

62.used to do sth

63.can't afford to do sth

64.make a decision to do sth

65.have an opportunity to do sth

66.wait for sb to do sth

67.would do sth rather than do sth

68.would rather do sth than do sth

69.hurry to do sth

70.refuse to do sth

71.agree to do sth

72.pretend to do sth

73.pretend to be doing sth

74.prefer to do sth

75.prefer not to do sth

76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth

77.be willing to do sth

78.volunteer +时间/ 钱 + to do sth

79.volunteer to do sth

80.offer to do sth

81.rush to do sth

82.in order (not ) to do sth

83.be certain to do sth

84.be sure to do sth

85.make plans to do sth

86.go out of their way to do sth

87.lead sb to do sth

88.It's one's job to do sth

89.It's one's turn to do sth

90.urge sb to do sth

uld /Would you please (not) do sth ?

92.be supposed to do sth

93.warn sb to do sth

后接动名词doing

1.like doing sth

2.enjoy doing sth

3.have fun doing sth

4.be interested in doing sth

5.Thanks for doing sth

6.look at sb doing sth

7.stop sb doing sth

8.stop sb from doing sth

9.go + v-ing

10.do the (some )+v-ing

11.What/How doing sth ?

12.practice doing sth

13.watch sb doing sth

14.find sb doing sth

15.mind (one's ) doing sth

16.can't stand doing sth

17.think about doing sth

18.spend … (in)doing sth

19.finish doing sth

20.be busy doing sth

21.keep doing sth

22.keep sb from doing sth

23.keep sb doing sth

24.be good at doing sth

25.hate doing sth

26.There be +名词+doing sth

27.make a living by doing sth

28.have a difficult time doing sth

29.feel like doing sth

30.allow doing sth

31.see sb doing sth

32.by doing sth

33.end up doing sth

34.do a survey about doing sth

35.be afraid of doing sth

36.be used to doing sth

37.be terrified of doing sth

38.give up doing sth

39.instead of doing sth

40.have nothing against doing sth

41.be serious about doing sth

42.have a chance of doing sth

43.before/ when /while +doing sth

44.start doing sth

45.have a lot of experience doing sth

46.prefer doing sth

nsider doing sth

48.dream of / about doing sth

ntinue doing sth

50.put off doing sth

51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth

52.prefer doing sth to doing sth

53.without doing sth

54.be comfortable doing sth

55.can't stop/help doing sth

56.look forward to doing sth

57.be against doing sth

58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth

59.suggest doing sth

60.be busy doing sth

61.be worth doing sth


✧ 非谓语教案

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.

一次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.

我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.

百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.

工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.

他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

Our work is serving the people.

我们的工作是为人民服务。

His hobby is collecting stamps.

他的爱好是集邮。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

Travelling is interesting but tiring.

旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.

如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing.

他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news.

听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

✧ 非谓语教案

高考英语二轮语法专讲精品教案   第10讲非谓语动词 来源:中学学科网   非谓语动词:包括不定式to do,动名词doing,过去分词done及现在分词doing. 动词不定式: 1.作主语或表语。 1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb)   (不定式作主语,常用it作形式主语。) 2) The only way to reach the edge of the forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us. A. was to take  B. was to taking C. will take  D. was taken (不定式作表语,常用来说明主语内容。) 2.某些动词后须跟不定式to do作宾语: e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire, long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;…  3.某些动词后须用不定式作宾补v.+n.+to do e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驱使), enable, encourage, expect, wish, force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think,  want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on… 4.动词let, have, make, notice, watch, observe, feel, hear, see, 后用动词原形作宾补. 如改为被动语态,省掉的to要还原。 e.g. I heard Mary sing last night. Mary was heard to sing last night.  5.某些结构后面要用省to的不定式(即动词原形):  would/had rather,  would you please,  had better,  rather than(而不是)   6.不定式作定语时,与其修饰的名词有主谓关系或动宾关系。 e.g. 1) I haven’t decided which hotel ______. A.  to stay  B. to be stayed at C. to stay at  D. for staying  2) The old scientist has been invited to a party _____ next Monday evening. A.  holding B. held C. to be held D. being held  3) Little Betty found __________. A.  with no one to play  B. no one to play with C. no one to be played with  D. no one to play 4) a. Mr Smith is the very doctor ______.   b. Mr Smith is the very doctor for you __. A. to be sent for  B. to send for C. sending for  D. to be sent 7.疑问词+不定式 to do:相当于一个名词从句,常用来作主语,表语,宾语或状语。 e.g. He doesn’t know____ to stay or not. A. if B. either  C. whether  D. if he will  Last summer I took a course on _____. A.  how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D.  how are dresses made  不定式的省略: ---Did your brother go to the party? ---No, but he _______. A. planned it  B. planned to C. planned so D. planned  形容词easy, difficult, hard, fit后的动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 e.g. I found the German Language hard _____.A. to be learned B. to learn  C. learned D. learning   动名词doing 1.作主语:动名词表一种抽象的和泛指的概念,而不定式表一次性的,具体的动作。 e.g. Swimming is a good exercise. To swim across that river is possible some day when I grow up.  用在It is no use (good, a waste of time, not an easy task )…和there be no (no use)…结构中。 e.g. It is no good _____ the stable door when  the horse is stolen. A. closing  B. to shut  C. locking D. to lock There is no use ______ him at this hour. A.  to call  B. called  C. to ring  D. calling  2.作宾语:某些动词后只跟动名词作宾语。 admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, fancy(爱好), suggest, excuse(原谅), finish, mind, miss, practise, allow,risk(冒险), advise,  give up…  3.有些动词后即可接不定式,又可接动名词,但意义不一样: e.g. remember, forget, regret  +to do 动作未发生 + doing动作已发生 e.g. I remember to post the letter. I remember posting the letter. try to do 尽力做 try doing尝试做 stop to do stop doing mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做  4.sth. need, require, want + doing某事需要被 e.g. The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. This place is worth traveling hundreds of miles to see.  5.动名词复合结构:(动名词带上自己的逻辑主语) e.g. His/ John’s coming made us happy. (作主语) Do you mind my /me/Mary’s/Mary going to your party? (作宾语)  6.动名词完成式与被动形式: e.g. He didn’t mention having met me.   I apologize for not having kept my promise. Being killed by sharks was a common thing here.   分词 过去分词常表完成的被动动作,而现在分词常表正在进行的主动动作。 ●现在分词 一、现在分词的'基本特征:表主动的,进行的,表特征 二、现在分词的用法 ①现在分词作表语,表示主语的特征或和连系动词连用构成进行时态。 The book is interesting. The present situation is more encouraging than ever before. The girl is watering the trees. 现在分词作表语一般可以译成“使、令…的” ②现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征,或修饰名词所做的动作。 单个的现在分词作定语必须前置;现在分词短语则后置。 现在分词短语作定语,相当于一个定语从句,都可以变成一个相应的定语从句。 现在分词作定语所修饰的名词有主谓关系。   He is a promising young man. 他是个大有前途的年轻人。 I have a friend living in London. (=I have a friend who lives in London.) ③现在分词作状语,多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。 如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,并且已经完成,用现在分词的完成形式。 They stood by the road, reading books. Having stepped into the cave, Crusoe lit a fire. ④现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行,动作是宾语发出的,主动的,多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。 We saw a light burning in the window. I cant get the clock going again. 现在分词的完成式,否定式,被动形式: e.g. a.Having worked among the workers for many years, he knew them very well. b. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. c. Can you see the building being built? d. Having been put into prison, he felt hopeless.   ●过去分词 一、过去分词的基本特征 表被动的、完成的、表状态 二、过去分词的用法 ①过去分词作表语,和连系动词一起表示主语的状态或表示被动语态(动词应是及物动词)。 The glass is broken. She is quite pleased. The glass was broken by Li Hua. ②过去分词作定语多表示被动意义和完成意义。动作发生在谓语动词之前。 其前置和特征与现在分词相同。过去分词作定语所修饰的名词有被动关系或系表关系。 He is a man loved by all. I hate to read letters written in pencil.   ③过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样,可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。 过去分词作状语必须注意它表示的动作是该句主语发不出来的或表示主语的状态, 但其逻辑上的主语应是主句的主语。 When (water is ) heated, water changes into steam. ④过去分词作宾补,多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不来的。 多用于使役动词、感官动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词后面。 特别注意“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构的用法。 I have to have my hair cut.   You should make yourself understood by all.   独立主格结构:在用分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。 如不一致,分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情况。 e.g. a. He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. b. Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. c. So many teachers being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. d. His work finished, he prepared to return to his home. e. There are 180 competitors to take part in this game, the youngest being a boy of 10.

✧ 非谓语教案

例:We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。

They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。

The car moved 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。

The envelopes are one yuan a dozen. 信封一打是一元钱。

Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week. 爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。

小升初英语必考考点:小学英语形容词比较级顺口溜

小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点,在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的,希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。

✧ 非谓语教案

概论:不受主语的人称和数的制约,也不体现时的特征,不能独立充当谓语,只能与一定的助动词结合构成进行体、完成体或被动语态。

形式:不定式、分词、动名词。

I. 不定式

一、主语(体现名词特征)

To know the main facts is not enough.

It is a great pleasure to be here.

It made me happy to find Marry there.

Is it a good idea to go swimming today?

What fun it is to read Mark Twain’s book!

It’s important for us to master English.

It’s kind of you to say so.

二、表语(体现形容词特征)

To see is to believe.

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

Cf. I am to leave tomorrow.

You are to answer for it.

三、宾语(体现名词特征)

1.agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, like, love, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等后面可以接宾语不定式。

He agreed to smoke no more.

What did he say he wanted to do?

2.decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, wonder后可以接不定式特殊结构。

what to do.

where to go.

whom to ask.

I don’t know who to do it.

when to stop.

how to get there.

Which to choose.

从例句得出不定式特殊结构的规律:没有进行时态、没有被动语态、没有why.

四、宾补(体现形容词特征)此时宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

1. 感觉动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at。

Did you see him go out?

2. 表示“致使”等意思的动词have, let, make, advise, cause, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn等。注:有下划线的动词接省略to的不定式宾补。

I made him leave without any hesitation.

I can’t get her to talk.

3.心理状态的动词consider, declare, find, prove, believe, discover, feel, judge, suppose等。

We found him to be dishonest.(to be可以同时省略)

4.短语动词long for, would like, prepare for, wait for, call on等。

The Party has called on us to learn from Lei Feng.

五、定语(体现形容词特征)

It’s time to go to bed.

Have you anything to say for your self?

I have no wish to quarrel with you.

I’ve brought this chair to sit in.

You’ve given me much to think about.

He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.

六、状语(体现副词特征)

1.目的状语(句首或句末)

He was running to catch the bus.

She opened the door for the children to come in.

I took my shoes to be mended.

He went early in order/ so as not to miss the train.

(In order) To draw maps properly, you need a special pencil.

2.结果状语(句末)

She went abroad, never to return.

Would you be so kind as to lend me some money?

He is such as fool as to think he is right there.

The ice is thick enough to walk on.

That’s much too heavy for you to lift.

She woke up early to find it was raining.

I got to the station only to be told the train had gone.

3.原因状语(句末)

He laughed to see such fun.

She seemed surprised to meet us.

I pretended to be happy to know him.(原因)

I pretended to be happy to stop my mother from worrying.(目的)

原因不定式与目的不定式的区别:(1)如果不定式前可以加上in order或,就是目的状语;(2)如果表示目的不定式结构表示的动作后于谓语动词的动作;如果表示原因,不定式结构表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作。

*关于不定式与形容词搭配

A.句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语。

(1) 表示喜怒哀乐的形容词angry, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful, astonished, delighted, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, satisfied, surprised, worried等;

He was delighted to see his old friend again.

(2) 表示运气的形容词lucky, fortunate等;

We are lucky to make such a good friend.

(3) 表示心理状态、个人态度的形容词afraid, anxious, determined, eager, free, ready, willing, prepared, able, disable等;

She was afraid to go out at night.

(4) 表示可能性、确定性的形容词likely, certain, sure;

*He is likely to see Marry.= He will probably see Marry.

=It is likely that he will see Marry.

*She’s certain to do well in the exam.= She will certainly do well in the exam.

= It is certain that she will do well in the exam.

*James was sure to need help.= James will surely need help.

=James will need help, that’s sure.

(5)表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词brave, clever, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, lazy, modest, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, wise等;

John was careless to break the cup.

=It was careless of John to break the cup.

转换成由how引导的感叹句时,it is/was常省略,如上句:

How careless of John to break the cup!

B.句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。

(1)能转换的

Mary is easy to teach.

=To teach Mary is easy.

=It is easy to teach Mary.

Mary is easy for you to teach.

=It is easy for you to teach Mary.

=For you to teach Mary is easy.

Mary is an easy pupil for you to teach.

=Mary is a pupil easy for you to teach.

这类句型中的形容词通常为cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, expensive, impossible, funny, interesting, pleasant, hard, important, improper, nice, splendid, strange, useful等。

如果不定式为不及物动词,则要加上介词或副词,如:

Mary is pleasant to talk to.

Foreign countries are often exciting to go to.

(2)不能转换的

The coffee is bitter to taste.

The grass is very smooth to walk on.

This map is clear to read.

These cookies are tasty to eat.

注意:不定式有时用被动语态与主动语态没有区别,如:

This is too important a matter to leave/ to be left until tomorrow.

These books are not strong enough to use/ to be used as a platform.

There is so much work to do/ to be done.

✧ 非谓语教案

have sb. do sth.get sb to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事

have sth. done = get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做

have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事

get sb./ sth.dong 使某人/物开始行动起来

You’d better have/get your hair cut.

He managed to get the horse running.

✧ 非谓语教案

31、sāngōngliùyuàn

32、成语出处克非《春潮急》:“心想,横竖抵死不认帐,只你徐元菊一个人,缺少三头六证,未见得就给我说死了。”

33、成语解释原指佛的法相有三个头;六条臂。后比喻人本领高超;神通广大。

34、哪吒上阵后,变作三头六臂,手持六种兵器,朝大圣打来。

35、他们的对手是三头六臂的妖怪。

36、成语出处明陶宗仪《辍耕录三姑六婆》:“三姑者,尼姑、道姑、卦姑也;六婆者,牙婆、媒婆、师婆、虔婆、药婆、稳婆也。”

37、[例句]

38、他也不是三头六臂的神仙,没有那么大能耐。

39、读音:[sāntóuliùbì]

40、三茶六饭

41、常用程度常用成语

42、成语结构联合式成语

43、教防身术的讲师刚登上讲

44、[用法]多用于本领出众;无所不能。一般作谓语、宾语、定语。

45、[结构]联合式。

46、三姑六婆

47、sāntóuliùzhèng

48、[辨析]~和“神通广大”;都表示本领大。但~重于本领高强;很不寻常;“神通广大”偏重于本领很大;办法很多。当强调门路多;路道粗;善于钻营;容易解决问题时;用“神通广大”。

49、[语出]《景德传灯录·汾州普昭禅师》:“三头六臂擎天地;忿怒哪吒扑帝钟。”

50、[释义]原指佛的法相有三个头;六条臂。后比喻人本领高超;神通广大。

51、【出自】:宋·释道原《景德传灯录》卷十三:“三头六臂擎天地,忿怒那吒扑帝钟。”

52、三头六证

53、成语用法作宾语、定语;用于口语

54、造句:孙悟空有七十二变,哪吒能变三头六臂。

55、成语用法联合式;作主语、宾语;含贬义

56、意思是指比喻神通广大能力非凡。

57、常用程度一般成语

58、成语出处明洪楩《清平山堂话本快嘴李翠莲记》:“做得粗,整得细,三茶六饭一时备。”

59、成语用法联合式;作主语、宾语;指茶饭周全

60、成语用法联合式;作谓语、宾语、定语;指神通广大

文章来源://www.dm566.com/zhichangziliao/164766.html