非谓语动词教案（必备19篇）_非谓语动词教案

1.分词作表语，如 The situation is encouraging. The door remained locked.

2.分词作定语，前置定语和后置定语均可。如 This is a pressing problem.(前置定语)

3.分词作宾语补足语，如You’d better have your hair cut.

4.分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。

如 Though tired, he still continued reading.

除了掌握以上分列出来的知识点，考生们还应勤加练习，查漏补缺，辨别非谓语在句子中所做的成分和起到的作用，理解非谓语动词的产生就是英语追求简洁的结果，英语中多长句的现象也就不难理解了。

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

1.语法单句填空

引入范例：

动词 ing（现在分词）

*More highways have been built in China，____ (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

答案 making

动词 ed分词（过去分词）

*Recently the father has found his son increasingly ___ attracted ___ to the Internet games.

句意：最近那位父亲发现他的儿子越来越沉溺于网络游戏。宾语his son与attract为逻

辑上的被动关系。

动词 to do（不定式）

Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.(2014·重庆，11)

答案 to help

解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的'。英语中表示“目的”时应当使用动词不定式。

其他情况

The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2013·四川，10)

答案 to be completed

(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014·福建，27)

答案 Having spent

解析 考查非谓语动词。“花费”和其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，故用现在分词；且动作发生在谓语动作之前，用现在分词的完成式

1.Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (2012湖南)

2.Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)

3.Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.(08陕西）

4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陕西)

5. Tired (tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.（09浙江）

6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house. (2011全国I)

7. George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.（2012山东）

8.The lecture having been given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.（2014江苏）

9.To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)

10.Absorbed (absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didn’t notice me approaching.

11.Children, whenaccompanied (accompany）by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.（2014湖南）

12.Though surprised (surprise）to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.（2010全国Ⅱ卷）

13.Though lacking (lack）money, his parents managed to send him to university.

14.While crossing (cross) the street, you can’t be too careful.

15.When completed ( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.

16. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. （2013陕西）

17.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.（2010陕西）

18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)

19.Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002全国春)

20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山东)

21.With the government’s aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009上海)

22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)

23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had hadrepaired (repair) went wrong again. (1999上海)

24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).

25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

26.Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江苏)

27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept (keep).

28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen (steal) yesterday.

29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.

30.Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.

31.Dressed (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

32.Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

33.Driven (drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

34.Seen (see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.

35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten ( beat) black and blue.

36.The club, founded (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).

38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated ( treat) like this.

39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked

41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.

2.语法单句改错

1.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.（2014年辽understand

2.He wantedteach me about animals, insects and trees.（2014 陕西）toteach

3.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.（2013新课标全国）

hold

4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care

5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.

give

6.A very much famous writer agreed to reading my story and give me some advice.

read

7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, had our barbecue.（2014 陕西）having

8.Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.（2013陕西）

Feeling

9.Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.（2011辽宁）Following

10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing.（2012大纲全国II）used

11.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.（2012陕西）taken

12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. embarrassed

13.“I’m pleasing to hear it,” said his boss, but where were you yesterday?”pleased

14.After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.（2013年四川）thinking

15.He isn’t good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新课标）

talking

16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. (2013年新课标Ⅱ)Having

17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching

18.I soon got used to live without my parents around.（2011重庆）living

19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.划去be

20.They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.tied

21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.划去to

22. What kept you so exciting? excited

23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard

24.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident. held

25.She denied there be any misunderstanding between them.being

26. There were so many people in the street watch the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building .watching

27.Weatherpermits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting

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⬮ 非谓语动词教案

总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态

1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:

现在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing

过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing

将来 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X

如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be

2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:

现在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X

过去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X

将来 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X

另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done

一.一般现在时:

1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示

2.用法:

a. It is fine today.

b. I am a student.

c. I get up at six every day.

d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.

a. Japan is to the east of China.

b. The sun rises in the east.

c. A horse is a useful animal.

③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等

a. My train leaves at 6:30.

b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.

a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.

b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.

c. I will be away when he arrives.

d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.

e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.

f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.

⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作

a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.

b. There goes the bell.

⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作

a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !

a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.

①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作

a. I am writing a letter.

b. My mother is making a dress these few days.

②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用

a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.

b. John is coming here next week.

③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作

a. The little boy is always asking questions.

b. You are always saying that sort of thing.

④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等

a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)

b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)

c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)

⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等

a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )

b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)

c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )

d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )

②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语

a. I have studied English since 1987.

b. He has lived here for two years.

c. He has been ill for ten days.

3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关

②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用

a. She has already come.

b. I have met him before.

c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.

d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?

e. I have seen him this morning.

四.现在完成进行时:

①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响

②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续

a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)

b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)

3.用法:

①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止

a. I have been reading the book all the morning.

b. He has been staying here for two hours.

c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.

a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.

4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行

a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)

b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调“一直在写”)

c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)

d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调“一直在读”)

2.用法:

①.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作

a. I met him yesterday.

b. I used to go to school early every morning.

c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.

d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.

a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.

③.用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语, 有时也用地点状语暗示动作的发生是在过去

a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.

a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.

b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.

②.过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词连用, 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况

a. The old man was always losing his way.

b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.

③.表示过去将要发生的动作, 这一用法仅限于一些表示位置转移的动词, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等

④.过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用, 过去进行时表示过去的时间背景

a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.

2.用法:

①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”

a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.

b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.

c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.

d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.

②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时

a. We left the house before it began to rain.

b. I didn’t wait long before he came.

c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.

d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

八.过去完成进行时:

2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行

a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.

b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.

1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿

a. I shall be twenty years old next year.

b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.

c. The train will arrive soon.

2.be going to do sth, 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事

a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.

b. He is going to stay here for a week.

c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.

d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.

3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等

a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.

b. There is to be a sports meet next week.

c. We are to meet at the school gate.

4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况

a. We are about to leave.

b. Autumn harvest is about to start.

a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.

b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.

a. I will be seeing him next month.

b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.

c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.

十一.将来完成时:

2.用法: 表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作, 这一动作也可能继续进行

a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.

b. Before noon we will have completed this work.

十二.过去将来时:

a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.

b. He told me that I should succeed.

a. They were going to have a meeting.

b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.

a. We were to finish the work in three days.

b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.

2.用法: 过去将来时表示相对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态, 以上各形式的具体用法与一般将来时各形式的用法相似

a. The work must be done right now.

b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.

a. His bike has been stolen.

b. This window was broken last night.

a. China was liberated in 1949.

b. I was told you were late this morning.

a. The plan has already been made.

b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.

三.主动句变被动句:

a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it

a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.

→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.

3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可

a. My brother gave me a birthday present.

→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.

4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式

a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.

5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词

a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.

四.应注意的问题:

a. The children were excited at the news.

b. We are interested in the English novel.

c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.

b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗

c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使

d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错

e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软

3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别，

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的.。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划，

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

Reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)

His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)

We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

情态动词后接进行式, 完成式和完成进行式:

a) 情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语, 表示”应该正在…”, “想必正在…”这类意思:

Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?

This isn’t what I ought to be doing.

She might still be thinking about the question you raised.

They must (may) be waiting for us, let’s hurry up.

They can’t be using the room now.

b) 情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示”应当已经…”, “想必已经…”这类意思:

I should have thought of that.

They shouldn’t have left so soon.

She must have arrived by now.

You needn’t have told them that.

Where can (could) he have gone?

He can’t have finished the work so soon.

He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-

worthy.

We ought to have give you more help.

c) 情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式构成谓语,表示”应当一直在…”, “想必一直在…”这类意思:

They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.

They may have been discussing the problem this morning.

You should have been waiting for us. Why haven’t you?

She couldn’t have been swimming all day.

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

非谓语动词的被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.

It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

She hated to be flattered.

He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

This is bound to be found out.

There are a lot of things to be done.

She was too young to be assigned such work.

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

一、 动词不定式

1、 构成：动词不定式基本形式为： to+动词原形。有些动词不定式不带to。

否定形式为：not (to)+动词原形。

2、功能及用法：

(1)、用作主语

多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

For him, to talk with his mother is is necessary for him to talk with his

(2)、用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。常可转换成主语。如：

The best way to improve your English is to join an English join an English club is the best way to improve your

(3)、用作宾语

★可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可拒绝假装知道(prefer, refuse, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want/need, would like / love)等。如：

We decided to talk to some

He prefers to eat white bread and

★动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell…后可用“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：

Could you please tell me where to park my car?

★动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是 feel / find / make / …+ it+ / +to do…如：

I find it difficult to remember

★既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。如：

Then I started to watch English-language

I like to eat

★后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：

When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with

I stopped using them last

(4)、用作定语

★句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：

I have so much homework to do

It’s a good place to

★作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加适当的介词。如：

I need a room to live

(5)、用作补语

★在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

She asked me not to speak Chinese in English

★下列动词，多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，当动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里要将省略的to补上。包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

This picture makes me feel tense! I was made to say sorry to

★help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。如：

Using email English helps you write

★be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：

He doesn’t seem to have many

Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near

(6)、用作状语， 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

★目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

A group of young people came here to(in order to) discuss this

★原因状语，多见于“+be++to do…”结构句中。如：

I’m sorry to trouble I’m glad to see

★结果状语，多见于“too…to”，“enough to…”结构句中。如：

Then I’m too tired to do What should I do?

The room needs to be big enough for three people to live

★独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：

To be honest, I only eat food that tastes

To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every

(7)、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of to do ”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：

It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do 前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。如：It’s dangerous for children to swim in the

当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise,bad, polite, careless

如：It’s very nice of you to say

(8)、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。如：

I don’t know what to do

Where to go is not decided

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句，在复合句中则可变为一个从句。

What to do next? =What will we / you do next?

Can you tell me how to do that?=Can you tell me how I should do that?

(9)、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not to do…，不带to的不定式的否定式是not do…如：

Sometimes they decide not to talk to each

(10)常见的与不定式连用的词组和句型。

Why not do…?=Why don’t you do …? had better (not) do …

would rather do … prefer to do rather than do

Could/Would/Will you please…? It takes sb +时间/金钱+ to do

It’ s time to do… It’ s one’s turn to…

如： Why not take a holiday?

It takes me an hour to walk

二、 动名词

1、构成： 动词原形+ing

2、功能及用法：

动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语。

(1)。用作主语， 谓语动词用单数。如：

Eating too much is bad for your

注意：动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语的句型。

It’s no use 哭没有什么用处。

(2)。用作表语，可转换成主语。如：

Her favorite sport is =Skating is her favorite

注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。

(3)。用作宾语，放在动词或介词之后。如：

She likes singing and

Thank you for helping

(4)。用作定语，位于所修饰词之前，表示所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。如：

This is our reading

Betty won the first prize in the singing

★英语中，某些动词(或形容词)只能与ing形式即动名词连用。

一直忙于练习，(keep, be busy，practice,)

想要继续完成，(feel like, keep on, finish，)

习惯期待花费，(be used to, look forward to, spend)

介意考虑放弃，(mind, consider, give up)

禁不住麻烦怎么样(can’t help, have trouble/problems (in)， what/how about)

建议喜欢开心 (suggest , enjoy, have fun )

★还有一些结构：

do+some+doing 如： do some cooking/ shopping / cleaning/ washing/ reading/

go+doing 如： go shopping/ fishing / swimming/ skating/ boating/ hiking / sightseeing

no use (good) doing sth 做……没用 如： It’s no good

without+dong sth 没有做…… 如：。 She kept sitting there without talking to

no+dong …禁止，不准 如：No parking!

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 如： You must pay attention to protecting him。

put one’s effort into doing sth 全力以赴做某事

如：If you put your effort into learning English, you will improve

三、 分词

考点聚焦

1、构成：英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，表示正在进行和主动意义。过去分词基本形式是“动词+ed”，表示已经完成和被动意义，但也有不规则形式。

2、功能及用法

(1)。作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

前置定语 如：What exciting news it is!

后置定语 如： Do you know the girl sitting under the tree?

There comes a girl dressed in

(2)。作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“某人感到……的”意思。如：

The story was very interesting . I was interested in the

(3)。作补语

现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作补足语，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。

分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make等使役动词的宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。过去分词在动词have，get之后作宾语补足语时，常常表示这动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。如：

I found the boy crying in the (主谓关系，正在进行)

I want to have my hair cut/ have my bike repaired/ get my ears (被动)

★现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在意义上有所不同。现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，即动作处在发生过程中，还没有结束;而不定式作宾语补足语表示经常性的动作或动作的全过程。如：

I saw him going (分词，正在发生)

I see him go out every (不定式，经常性动作)

I heard him knock three 是的，我听见他敲了三下。(不定式，全过程)

(4)。作状语，表时间、原因、伴随、结果、让步、方式等。

现在分词作状语，一般句子主语就是分词的主语。

Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood (= When the students saw the teacher entering the room，they stood )(时间状语，主动)

Not knowing what to do about it，I asked my teacher for (原因状语，主动)

The teaher came in, followed by his (伴随状语，被动)

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

概论：不受主语的人称和数的制约，也不体现时的特征，不能独立充当谓语，只能与一定的助动词结合构成进行体、完成体或被动语态。

To know the main facts is not enough.

It is a great pleasure to be here.

It made me happy to find Marry there.

Is it a good idea to go swimming today?

What fun it is to read Mark Twain’s book!

It’s important for us to master English.

It’s kind of you to say so.

To see is to believe.

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

Cf. I am to leave tomorrow.

You are to answer for it.

1.agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, like, love, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等后面可以接宾语不定式。

He agreed to smoke no more.

What did he say he wanted to do?

2.decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, wonder后可以接不定式特殊结构。

what to do.

where to go.

whom to ask.

I don’t know who to do it.

when to stop.

how to get there.

Which to choose.

四、宾补（体现形容词特征）此时宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

1. 感觉动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at。

Did you see him go out?

2. 表示“致使”等意思的动词have, let, make, advise, cause, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn等。注：有下划线的动词接省略to的不定式宾补。

I made him leave without any hesitation.

I can’t get her to talk.

3.心理状态的动词consider, declare, find, prove, believe, discover, feel, judge, suppose等。

We found him to be dishonest.(to be可以同时省略)

4.短语动词long for, would like, prepare for, wait for, call on等。

The Party has called on us to learn from Lei Feng.

It’s time to go to bed.

Have you anything to say for your self?

I have no wish to quarrel with you.

I’ve brought this chair to sit in.

You’ve given me much to think about.

He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.

He was running to catch the bus.

She opened the door for the children to come in.

I took my shoes to be mended.

He went early in order/ so as not to miss the train.

(In order) To draw maps properly, you need a special pencil.

She went abroad, never to return.

Would you be so kind as to lend me some money?

He is such as fool as to think he is right there.

The ice is thick enough to walk on.

That’s much too heavy for you to lift.

She woke up early to find it was raining.

I got to the station only to be told the train had gone.

He laughed to see such fun.

She seemed surprised to meet us.

I pretended to be happy to know him.(原因)

I pretended to be happy to stop my mother from worrying.(目的)

原因不定式与目的不定式的区别：（1）如果不定式前可以加上in order或，就是目的状语；（2）如果表示目的不定式结构表示的动作后于谓语动词的动作；如果表示原因，不定式结构表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作。

A．句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语。

（1） 表示喜怒哀乐的形容词angry, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful, astonished, delighted, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, satisfied, surprised, worried等；

He was delighted to see his old friend again.

（2） 表示运气的形容词lucky, fortunate等；

We are lucky to make such a good friend.

（3） 表示心理状态、个人态度的形容词afraid, anxious, determined, eager, free, ready, willing, prepared, able, disable等；

She was afraid to go out at night.

(4) 表示可能性、确定性的形容词likely, certain, sure;

*He is likely to see Marry.= He will probably see Marry.

=It is likely that he will see Marry.

*She’s certain to do well in the exam.= She will certainly do well in the exam.

= It is certain that she will do well in the exam.

*James was sure to need help.= James will surely need help.

=James will need help, that’s sure.

(5)表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词brave, clever, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, lazy, modest, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, wise等；

John was careless to break the cup.

=It was careless of John to break the cup.

转换成由how引导的感叹句时，it is/was常省略，如上句：

How careless of John to break the cup!

B．句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。

Mary is easy to teach.

=To teach Mary is easy.

=It is easy to teach Mary.

Mary is easy for you to teach.

=It is easy for you to teach Mary.

=For you to teach Mary is easy.

Mary is an easy pupil for you to teach.

=Mary is a pupil easy for you to teach.

这类句型中的形容词通常为cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, expensive, impossible, funny, interesting, pleasant, hard, important, improper, nice, splendid, strange, useful等。

如果不定式为不及物动词，则要加上介词或副词，如：

Mary is pleasant to talk to.

Foreign countries are often exciting to go to.

The coffee is bitter to taste.

The grass is very smooth to walk on.

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This map is clear to read.

These cookies are tasty to eat.

注意：不定式有时用被动语态与主动语态没有区别，如：

This is too important a matter to leave/ to be left until tomorrow.

These books are not strong enough to use/ to be used as a platform.

There is so much work to do/ to be done.

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

英语中动词有谓语和非谓语之分。谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致，而非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词主要包括：动词不定式，动词的-ing形式和过去分词三种。

学非谓语动词必须要了解它们的形式和在句子中的功能，请看下面两个表格：

1.非谓语动词的时态和语态形式（以动词do为例）：

一般式 主动 to do doing 动词的过去分词只有一种形式即done。及物动词的过去分词常表示被动和完成，而个别动词(多数是不及物动词)只表示完成

被动 to have been done having been done

进行式 to be doing ×

完成进行式 to have been doing ×

2. 非谓语动词在句子中的功能：

不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ ×

_ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √

过去分词 × × √ √ √ √ ×

一． 动词不定式的时态：

不定式的一般式通常表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词同时发生；不定式的进行式（通常用于动态延续性动词）表示不定式动作与谓语动作同步发生；不定式的完成式通常表示不定式动作先于谓语动词而发生或表示一个实际未发生的动作；不定式的完成进行式往往强调不定式动作在谓语动词之前一直在进行。例如：

1. When I spoke to him, he pretended ___________(look) for something here and there.

2. He looked tired. He seemed ______________(work) all night.

3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ___________(invent) the first computer.

4. I would love _________ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

5. He ordered the man __________ (go) there at once.

二． 动词不定式的语态：

一般情况下，在一个含有不定式的句子中，如果有不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）该不定式常用主动形式；如果出现的是不定式的逻辑宾语（即不定式动作的承受者），该不定式常用被动形式。但是，下面几种结构却常用主动表示被动：

(1).在easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, fit, nice, comfortable等表示性质特征的形容词之后的不定式或用这些词修饰一个名词后跟的不定式常用主动表示被动；

(2).少数动词如blame(责备), let(出租)等的不定式作表语时常用主动表示被动。

6. This sentence is easy ___________ (understand).

7. I can’t go out with you today, as I have a lot of clothes_________ (wash).

8. “Have you any clothes __________ (wash) today?” asked the maid (女佣).

9.Our school is a nice place _________ (visit).

10. I found the chair comfortable _________ (sit) in.

11. I think the question difficult ________ (answer).

12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).

13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.

14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).

三._ing形式的时态:

_ing形式的一般式通常表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语之后；完成式则表示

动作先于谓语动词而发生。如：

15. ________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.

16. He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.

17. I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.

18. _________ (Finish) the work, he went home.

19. He insisted on _________ (join) the army.

四._ing形式的语态：

一般情况下，需要找准-ing动词的逻辑主语，若它们之间是主谓关系，-ing动词常用

主动；若它们之间是动宾关系，-ing动词就要用被动。但在动词need, want, require,及形容

词worth之后的-ing必须用主动表示被动。如：

20. He won’t come without __________ (invite).

21. The flowers in the garden need _______ (water).

22. Thank you for _________ (give) us so much help.

23. The building ________ (build) now will be a hospital.

24. ________ (give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?

25. The book is well worth ________ (read).

动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作主语。

（1）、一般来说，不定式作主语时，通常表示一次性的、特指的、具体的或将来的动作；而_ing形式作主语时，通常表示一个经常性的、泛指的、或不具体的动作。如：

26. ________ (refuse) him is not easy this time.

27. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and old.

28. ________ (teach) English is my job.

29. ________ (be) a teacher is her greatest wish in the future.

（2）、当句子的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上一般保持一致；比较状语从句中的主语形式通常也取决于主句里的主语形式。如：

30. ______ (see) is to believe.==________ (see) is believing.

31. ________ (say) is easier than to do.

32. ________ (speak) a foreign language is more difficult than reading it.

（3）、在日常英语中，为了句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语而将不定式或-ing放在句末

这时候要注意下面的习惯句型：

It + be + 形容词或名词+ (for / of sb.) + to do sth.

It + take + sb. +some time / sth. + to do sth.

It + be + no use / no good / useless / a waste of sth. / worth + doing sth.

There + be + no + doing sth. (做某事是不行或不可能的)

33. It was foolish of you _________ (give) up what you rightly owned.

34. There is no ________ (hold) back the wheel of history.

35. I think it’s no good _______ (argue) with your parents.

动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作宾语。

（1）、有些及物动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接-ing形式，常见的有：hope, wish, expect, decide, promise, offer, agree, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, fail 等等。

（2）、有些及物动词后只能接动词的_ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式，常见的有：enjoy, imagine, risk, appreciate, suggest, advise, admit, miss, practise, forbid, avoid, resist, escape, delay, finish, permit, allow, mind, keep, consider, excuse 等等。

（3）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义相同，常见的有：begin, start, continue, intend, bear, attempt等等。但要注意，begin, start 如遇下面三种情况时接不定式为最佳：

A. 句子的主语是物而不是人时，如：The ice began to melt.

B. 当begin, start 用了进行时态时, 如：He’s beginning to understand it.

C. 当begin, start 后作宾语的动词属于心理活动、精神状态类动词（如realize, understand, love, like, know 等等）时，如：It began to rain and I began to realize I should go home.

（4）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义有细微差别，常见的动词有：like / love / prefer / hate to do sth.(表示一个特定的、一次性的、将来的动作)

like /love / prefer /hate doing sth. (表示一般的、习惯性的、或正在进行的动作)

36. I like _________ (swim) but I don’t like _______ (swim) today.

37. Would you love ________ (go) to the zoo with us?

38. I felt like _______ (cry) at the news.

（5）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义完全不同，常见动词有：

39. We must try ________ (finish) the work on time.

Let’s try _______ (work) out the maths problem in another way,

40. I remember ______ (see) her somewhere before.

You must remember _______ (post) the letter for me.

41. He forgot ______ (pay) and asked to be paid again.

Don’t forget _______ (turn) off the light when you leave.

42. I regret _______ (miss) such a good chance.

I regret _______ (say) that I can’t lend you so much money.

43. Doing like that means _________ (cheat).

I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) your feeling that day.

44. I can’t help ________ (do) housework today. I’m busy preparing a report.

I couldn’t help _________ (think) of my childhood while seeing the film.

45. When the teacher came in, the students stopped _______ (talk).

As he was very busy that day, he didn’t stop _______ (talk) with me.

46. Though it was raining, the peasants went on ________ (work) in the fields.

After listening to the text, we went on _______(read).

47. The baby needs ______ (look) after. =The baby needs ________ after.

You don’t need _______ (look) after the baby today.

48. Our school is well worth ________ (visit).

Our school is well worthy ________ (visit).= Our school is well worthy of _________.

（6）、介词后的宾语一般用动词的-ing形式，但要注意：but和except之后通常接不定式；介词之后若有连接词时也要接不定式。如：

49. I have no choice but _______ (wait).

50. He gave me some advice on how _______ (study) it well.

51. He has no idea of what _______ (do) next.

52. I was about ______ (go) out when it began to rain.

注意：A. 下面短语中的to是介词，后面要接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式。

devote---to---, look forward to, pay attention to, prefer---to---, lead to, be close to, refer to, belong to, as to, get down to, owing to, be / get /become used to(习惯于------),等等。

B.有些短语中介词经常省略，这时要注意接动词的-ing形式，如：be busy (in) doing sth., spend money /time (in) doing sth., have difficulty /trouble / problems (in) doing sth., prevent / stop ---(from) doing sth.,等等。

（7）、当不定式和_ing形式作“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”句型中的宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于补语之后，常见句型有：

主语+ make / feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.

主语+ make /feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + no good /no use /useless + doing sth.

所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中作表语，其区别在：

（1）、不定式作表语通常表示一次性、特指的、将来的或具体的动作，有时还可以表示计划安排将要发生的事或一种命令要求。

（2）、-ing形式作表语通常表示习惯性、泛指的、不具体的动作或表示主语的性质特征（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“令人感到……的”）

（3）、过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态，常具有被动含义（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“感到……的”），这样的动词常见的有：surprise, move, excite, interest, shock, tire, bore, touch, encourage, disappoint, invite, inspire, amuse等等。如：

53. No one is ______ (leave) this building without the permission of the police.

54. My job is ______ (teach) English and my wish is ______ (be) a lawyer.

55. The president is ______ (visit) our country next month.

56. The speech was very _________ (move) and we were all _______ (move) to tears.

所有的非谓语动词都可以作定语，其区别在：

（1）、不定式作定语常放在被修饰的名词之后，通常可以表示：

A. 一个发生在谓语动词之后的动作。如：

The building to be built next month will be a hospital.

B. 被修饰的名词与用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑上的“主+谓”关系，也可能是逻辑上的“动+宾”关系。如：

Do you have anyone to help you? (“主+谓”关系)

I have nothing to write. (“动+宾”关系) 我没有什么东西可写。

C. 如果是“动+宾”关系，动词不定式之后有时需要添上适当的介词，而在名词time, place, moment, way等之后的不定式所带的介词可以省略，如：

I have nothing to write on. 我没有什么东西可以上面写字。

I have nothing to write with. 我没有什么东西可以用来写字。

I have no time to rest.

注意：这种带介词的不定式短语常可以转换为“介词+which / whom+不定式”的结构。例：They had only a cold room to live in.==

They had only a cold room in which to live.

D. 下列情况常用不定式作定语：

当句子中的谓语是一些特定的动词，如：be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它们后面的名词（宾语或表语）常用不定式修饰。

当名词前有特定的定语，如：first, last, next, only, second以及形容词最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。

在There be句型中，主语之后常用不定式作定语。

有一些特定的名词之后常用不定式作定语，常见的有：time, chance, right, promise, wish, plan, means, ability等。

例：You have no right to speak here.

He is the only person to know the truth.

There is nothing to worry about.

My parents had no chance to go to college.

（2）、动词的_ing形式作定语时，如果是单个词，常放在被修饰名词之前；如果是-ing短语，要放在名词之后。_ing作定语通常可以表示：

A. 被修饰名词的用途，如：a sleeping car, a waiting room, a walking stick, etc.

B. 被修饰名词的性质特征，如：exciting news, a moving story, etc.

C．被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：a falling leaf, a burning stick, boiling water, etc.

（3）、过去分词作定语通常表示：

A. 被动，如：He is a man loved by all the people.

B. 完成，如：The building built last year is our classroom building.

a fallen leaf, a developed country, boiled water

C. 被修饰名词所处的状态，如：an excited boy, the disappointed parents, surprised eyes, etc.

所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中充当状语，其区别在：

（1）、不定式（短语）常在句子中作目的、结果和原因状语，常见句式有：

目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.

结果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth.; too…to do sth.; only to do sth.

原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth.

（2）、_ing形式和过去分词位于句首时常作时间、原因、条件状语，位于句末时主要作方式、伴随或结果状语。究竟该用_ing还是过去分词，主要取决于句子的主语，若它们之间是主动关系就用_ing形式，若是被动关系，就用过去分词。

57. He raised his hand ________ the taxi stop. (have)

58. _______ from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful. (see)

59. The parents died, _______ him an orphan. (leave)

60. ______ to college, he works very hard. (go)

61. I’m not such a boy as ______ him. (believe)

62. _______ ill, he was sent to a hospital. (be)

注意：A. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如：

（×）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.

（√）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.

（√）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing.

(×) Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.

（√）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.

（√）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.

B．有些非谓语动词可以相当于独立成分、介词或连词使用，这时候它们常有自己固定的形式，与句子的主语不存在任何的逻辑关系，常见的有：

to tell (you) the truth, to be honest, (老实说)

generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/严格/准确地说)

including (其中包括……) compared with / to… (与……相比)

所有的非谓语动词都可以作补语，在使用中要注意下面几种情况：

（1）、有许多动词，如：ask, tell, allow, force, cause, encourage, 等之后都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。

（2）、在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at之后可以接三种非谓语动词作补语，其区别在：_ing作补语表示与谓语动词同时进行的动作，如果这个动作与宾语是被动关系，还要用其被动形式being done；过去分词作补语常表示一个完成被动的动作；不定式作补语可以表示一个全过程、一个具体的、将来的、或经常性的动作。如：

63. I saw the classroom ________ (clean) when I passed by it.

64. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) by the river.

65. I often hear him ________ (sing) in the next room.

66. I saw the room _________ (clean). Everything was put in order.

67. I saw him ________ (open) the door, _______ (walk) into the room, and ______ (sit) down at the desk.

（3）、注意使让动词之后的补语用法：

A．have sb. do sth.==get sb. to do sth. “请/叫/让某人做某事” 与宾语的关系是主动的。

B．have sb./ sth. doing sth.“使某人一直做某事/容许某人做某事”，强调主动和进行。

C．get sb. doing sth.“使某人开始做某事”。

D．have sb./sth. done ==get sb./sth. done“使某人/某物被……或使……遭受……”，表示被动

E．make /let sb. do sth.表主动。

F. make /let sb. /sth. /oneself done 表示被动。

（4）、有些动词后不能接非谓语动词特别是不定式作宾语补足语，常考的动词有：agree, refuse, hope, suggest, demand, etc.

(5)、有些动词后需要接_ing作宾语，而接不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage等。

例：68.You’d better have someone else _______ (help) you. I’m too busy.

69.He already had his eyes ________ (examine) in the hospital yesterday.

70.The speaker explained it again to make himself _______ (understand).

71.We don’t allow _____ (smoke) in our classroom.

72.He didn’t allow his son _____ (play) computer games.

动词的_ing形式常被用来解释一个名词的具体内容，在句子中充当同位语，如：

His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged.

The gesture for “OK”, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meaning in different countries.

一、 否定结构：

所有非谓语动词的否定结构都是在非谓语动词前直接加否定词not或never等构成。

例：Excuse me for not coming back in time.

Not having received a reply, He decided to writer again.

He advised me never to go out alone at night.

不定式复合结构是指带有主语的动词不定式，其形式有以下两种：

（1）、for sb. to do sth.(侧重动作), 可以用于各种句子结构中。

（2）、of sb. to do sth.(侧重对逻辑主语品行的评价)，这种结构主要用于下列形容词之后：bad, brave, careful careless, clever, foolish, cruel, kind, rude, polite, stupid等。

73.It’s very important ____ us to learn English well.

74.It’s very foolish ____ you to believe him. == You are very foolish to believe him

75.There are a lot of difficulties ____ them to overcome.

76.I stepped aside ____ her to pass.

由动名词的逻辑主语和动词_ing一起构成，在句子中主要作主语和宾语，其形式有：

注意、A、当句子的主语就是_ing动词的逻辑主语时不能用复合结构。如：

Would you mind opening the door? (You open the door.)

Would you mind my / me opening the door? (I open the door.)

B、_ing作主语放在句首时，只能用第（1）种形式的复合结构。如：

His being ill made us very sad.

C、当无生命的名词或两个以上的名词/代词并列作_ing的逻辑主语时，只能用第（2）种形式的复合结构。如：

Can you hear the noise of the machine running.

Is there any hope of him and his sister winning the prize?

（1）、由“名词或代词主格+动词的_ing形式或过去分词”构成，在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况或方式。主要用于句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语时。如：

77.All the work_______ (do), he had a rest. （时间状语）

78.Weather ________ (permit), we will go outing tomorrow.（条件状语）

79.The boy stood there, his right hand _______ (raise). （伴随情况）

80.He _____ (be) ill, we sent him to a hospital. （原因状语）

81.There ______ (be) no buses, we had to walk home.（原因状语）

（2）、由“with/without +名词/代词宾格+动词_ing /过去分词/不定式/介词（短语）/形容词/副词”等构成，在句子中可以作状语或定语。如：

82.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ (tie) behind his back.

83.With a lot of work ____ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you.

84.He left without anybody ______ (know).

五、“连接词+ to do”，“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done /doing”结构的区别

（1）、“连接词+to do”相当于一个名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语，常可以转换成由该连词引出的从句。

(2)、“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done/doing” 在句子中只能作状语，主句的主语是此结构中doing和done的逻辑主语，如果它们之间的关系是主动的，就用doing，是被动的就用done。

85. Please tell me what _______ (do ) next. ==Please tell me what I should do next.

86. The problem is whether _______ (go) by bus or by plane.

87. When ______ (start) the project hasn’t been decided yet.

88. Be careful when / while ________(cross) the street.

89. When________ (heat), ice will melt.

90. He won’t go to the party unless _______ (invite).

一、 省略不定式符号to的情况：

(1).不定式在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, 和使让动词have, make, let 之后作宾语补足语时，符号to必须省略。但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，动词不定式变为主语补足语，符号to不能省略。

例：We often hear him sing the song at home.→ He is often heard to sing the song at home.

(2).在动词help之后作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，符号to可有可无。

(3).两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and / or / than / but 等连接时，从第二个不定式起的符号to常常省略。

例：The students are taught to read, write and do many other things.

例：It’s more difficult to do than to say.

The teacher came not to punish you but to help you.

I wondered whether to stay or to leave.

(4).不定式作表语，用来解释主语部分中do的内容时可以不带to。如：

What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.

The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her.

(5).在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中不能带to。

Why quarrel with your mother? Why not join us?

(6).在一些类似情态动词的词组如：had better, would rather … than … , can’t (help / choose) but 等之后的动词不带to。

(7).不定式作but或except的宾语时，若前面有实意动词do / does / did / to do等形式，不带to。如：

I did nothing but / except do my homework last night.

She had nothing to do but wait.

(8).当助动词do / does / did用来加强语气或构成倒装句时，其后的动词不能带to。如：

Seldom does he go home this term. I did tell him the news.

(9).当dare用作实意动词时，后面的不定式有时也不带to，特别是在否定句中。

She didn’t dare (to) ask the teacher.

(10).在美国口语中，用在祈使语气中表示目的，在动词come / try / go / run等之后的不定式可以不带to。如：

Come tell me if he arrives. Go tell your mother. Try open the door again.

二、 省略to之后的动词部分的情况：

一般说来，当不定式内容是重复前面的内容时，to后的成分可以承前省略，但要保留符

号to，此时省略的成分相当于do so，这种结构一定要有上文或一定的语境。如：

_ Will you go with me? _ Well, I’d like to.

_ Why didn’t you bring an umbrella with you? _ I meant to, but I forgot about it.

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.

He can’t eat as much as he used to.

注意：当不定式内容是助动词be / have时，to后要保留原形的be / have。如：

He hasn’t succeeded in the exam, but in fact he ought to have.

She is no longer what she used to be.

1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

2. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. (2004 Ⅲ)

A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard

3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____ in making the earth a better place to live. ()

A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing

4. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______ .()

A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to

5. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004)

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

6. _ Mum, why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?

_ ______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (NMET)

A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting

7. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET1999)

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

8. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET). A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

9. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. (2004)

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

10. With two exams _______ , I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004)

A. worrying about B. worried about C. to worry about D. to worry

11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004)

A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed

12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. (2004)

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change

13. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. (2003)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

14. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004). A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling

15. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have wait

参考答案：1~5 CDBCC 6~10 CBABC 11~15 CABDC

第二节：1. to be looking 2. to have been working 3. to have invented 4. to have gone

5. to go 6. to understand 7. to wash 8. to be washed

9.to visit 10. to sit 11. to answer 12. to blame

13. to fire 14. to be fired 15. Walking 16. having taught

17.singing 18. having finished 19. joining 20. being invited

21. watering 22. giving 23. being built 24. Given

第三节：26. To refuse 27. Walking 28. Teaching 29. To be

30. To see; Seeing 31. To say 32. Reading 33. to give

34. holding 35. arguing 36. swimming; to swim 37. to go

38. crying 39. to finish; working 40. seeing; to post 41. being paid; to turn 42. missing; to say 43. cheating; to hurt 44. to do; thinking 45. talking; to talk

46. working; to read 47. looking/to be looked; to look 48. visiting; to be visited/being visited 49. To wait 50. to study 51. to do 52. to go 53. to learn

54. teaching; to be 55. to visit 56. moving; moved 57. to have 58. Seen

59. leaving 60. to go 61. to believe 62. Being 63. being cleaned/cleaned

64. playing 65. sing 66. cleaned 67. open; walk; sit 68. help

69. examined 70. understood 71. smoking 72. to play

第四节：73. for 74. of 75. for 76. for 77. done 78. permitting

79. raised 80. being 81. being 82. tied 83. to do 84. knowing

85. to do 86. to go 87. to start 88. crossing 89. heated 90. invited

⬮ 非谓语动词教案

1 . 校园里，一群穿着洁白校服的学生们正拿着劳动工具打扫卫生。他们用心地打扫着校园里每一片角落，清除着每一处卫生死角，把学校当成自己的家。

2 . ити：иу，иёшь，иут；ии（те）；шёл，шла，шло，шли；

3 . 轻飘飘的一根针，在我手里好像很重很重似的，每缝一针都让我费很大的劲儿，刚缝了几针就累得我开始冒汗了。

4 . 他是低年级的老师。To lower in quality or character;debase

5 . 工地上，阵阵笑声就像摇着银铃，小车“吱吱呀呀”就像唱着小曲，这多像一首动听的交响曲呀!

6 . 你配不上她！

7 . 我国科学文化艺术卫生教育和新闻出版业有了很大发展。

8 . adj 水平的，同高度的；笔直的；平静的

9 . 这时课堂里响起了“向孔繁森学习!”“向孔繁森致敬!”的口号。

10 . Itsallgood

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