高中虚拟语气课件

高中虚拟语气课件|高中虚拟语气课件（分享13篇）

发布时间：2021-04-13

高中虚拟语气课件（分享13篇）。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 是英语语法中的一种语气，其表示的是假设、愿望、命令、建议等可能发生但并不一定真实的情况。虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，是英语学习者必须掌握的语法要点之一。在虚拟语气的应用中，除了动词本身的形式外，还需要注意其他语法要素如连词和时间状语的变化。本文将详细探讨虚拟语气的常见用法和语法特点。

1. 虚拟语气的基本用法：

1.1 表示假设：

虚拟语气可以用于表示假设的情况，例如：

If I were you, I would take his advice.（如果我是你，我会采纳他的建议。）

If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她学习更刻苦，她就能通过这次考试。）

这些句子都是表达一种假设，虽然并不一定真实发生过，但如果发生了，所得到的结论也是正确的。需要注意的是，虚拟语气中的“were”在这种情况下常用于“inversion”，即主语和谓语位置的颠倒，这是因为在写作和口语中常常用“were”来替代“was”作为虚拟语气的第二人称和第三人称单数形式。

1.2 表示愿望：

除了表示假设，虚拟语气还可以用于表达愿望和幻想的情况，例如：

I wish you would call me back.（我希望你能回电给我。）

If only I could be with you all the time.（如果我能够一直陪伴在你身边就好了。）

这些句子都表达了一种强烈的情感愿望，而且和实际情况相比有一定的差距。需要注意的是，虚拟语气中的“would”在这种情况下常用于表述一种强烈的愿望和期望，常和“wish”等情感动词连用。

1.3 表示建议和命令：

在虚拟语气中，还有一种常见的用法是用于表示建议和命令的情况，例如：

It's recommended that he go to bed early.（建议他早点睡觉。）

It's important that you be on time for the meeting.（你必须准时参加会议。）

这种用法常常出现在正式场合和官方文书中，以表示发话人的立场和权威。需要注意的是，在这种情况下，虚拟语气中的动词常常不带助动词“do”，而是直接用原型动词，以表达一种模棱两可的建议和要求。

2. 虚拟语气的语法特点：

虚拟语气的语法特点主要包括连词、虚拟条件句和时间状语等方面的变化：

2.1 连词的变化：

在虚拟语气中，连词的用法跟现实语气有所不同，主要表现为“if”引导的虚拟条件句和“unless”引导的否定虚拟条件句，例如：

If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.（如果我中了彩票，我就会买一座大房子。）

Unless he worked harder, he wouldn't get the promotion.（如果他不更加努力工作，他就无法得到晋升。）

这些句子中的连词都表达了虚拟语气的意义，且跟现实语气中的“if”和“unless”有所区别，因此需要学习者掌握区分。

2.2 虚拟条件句的变化：

在虚拟条件句中，动作发生的时态和语态常常与实际发生的情况不一致，例如：

If she were here, she would help us.（如果她在这里，她会帮助我们。）

If I had known about it earlier, I would have told you.（如果我早先知道这件事，我就会告诉你。）

这些虚拟条件句中的谓语动词表现出了一种不真实的状态，并且张口就来，不需要凭借其他语境变化。因此，需要注意的是，在虚拟条件句中动词的形式应该与实际情况相比有所变化，以表现出“假设”、“幻想”等词义。

2.3 时间状语的变化：

在虚拟语气中，时间状语的用法也有所不同，需要注意的是：

If you hadn't told me, I would have missed the flight.（如果你没有告诉我，我就会错过这次飞行。）

If we were rich, we would travel around the world.（如果我们很富有，我们就会环游世界。）

这些句子中，时间状语表现出可能会发生，但实际并未到达的情况，用于引导虚拟语气的部分，以表达假设和幻想的情况。与现实语气相比，时间状语在虚拟语气中常用于推出一种不真实的结果，因此需要注意其在文中的位置和用法。

3. 结论：

综上所述，虚拟语气是英语语法中极为重要和广泛运用的语音，主要用于表示假设、愿望、命令、建议等情况。在虚拟语气中，连词、虚拟条件句和时间状语等方面的变化都有所不同，需要注意掌握。学习者应该多阅读和练习，以便更好地应用虚拟语气，提高英语运用能力。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：

1.虚拟语气

He is honest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）

Don‘t be late next time.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）

If I were you，I would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2第一类

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： If I have time，I will go.假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气）

If I were you，I would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）

条件句的谓语时态类型主句谓语形式例句形式

1.If I were you, I should 动词过去式与现在事实would/should/could/might V原study English.did 相反形 2.I would certainly go if *be 多用were I had time.1.If you had taken my

advice, you would not have 动词过去完成would/should/could/might failed in the test.式 have done 2.If I had left a little had done earlier, I would have caught the train.与过去事实相反

1.If you came tomorrow, we ①动词过去式 would have the meeting.① 与将来事实would/should/could/might V②should V2.If it were to rain 相反原形原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were to do would be put off.③

*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）

注：特别说明

1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)If you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)If you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren’t for„和If it hadn’t been for„，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again(= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。

Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,„)如果你问我，我会告诉你。

3第二类

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：

1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）We hope they will come.(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come.(We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。

2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

3.lwould rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：

① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。

4.las if(though)从句用虚拟语气

以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： He acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明

(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。

(2)注意 It isn’t as if„的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

4第三类

从句中should 动词原形，should可省略

1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

2.表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句

建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：

I insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。

He urged that they go to Europe.他督促他们到欧洲去。

He suggested that we shouldleave early.他建议我们早点动身。

He ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。

He requires that I(should)appear.他要求我出场。

I move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。

He arranged that I should go abroad.他安排我去国外。

She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气

比较：

He insisted that Ihad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。

He suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。

3.order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “It is(was) 紧急重要--带感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词后的主语从句

1.It is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 a.m.2.It is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*It is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四类

It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了

*有时也用过去进行时或“should 动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)

ex.It’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。

It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)

It's time = It is(the very/high/right/about)time

第五类

表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。

May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。

May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。

第六类

在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。

1）有that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）That the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。

2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）Would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。

3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）To think that I trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语动词过去式（be 一律用were）

例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。

We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语 would/could have 过去分词或had 过去分词例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。

I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语 would/should/could/might 原形动词

例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。

I wish that someday I should live on the moon.We wish that they would come soon.II.AS IF 引出的虚拟。

As if„.表好像„„我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if„„。(就好象是„„)

As if 从句，主句。（好像„„ Sb. do„）表达一种假设的条件。而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

L.33 A Day to Remember 中原句，“As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。

注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。

6注意事项

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder.→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain(= If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定语从句）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)

混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气

1。混合型虚拟语气：

当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：

If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had 过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would 动词原形)

2.含蓄型虚拟语气：

有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如

Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如： I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before.=I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：

He would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙

He would lose weight,but he eats too much

他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的规则用法：

从句都表示与过去事实相反：

从句的.谓语动词用：had + 动词过去分词;

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。

注意：能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个：should, could, would, might.

使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定，考试中出现最多的是could, would.

从句都表示与现在事实相反：

从句的谓语动词用：动词过去式(如果是be则只能用were)

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。

从句都表示与将来事实相反：

从句的谓语动词用：were to + 动词原形(重点)、should + 动词原形、动词过去式;

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。

二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：

1 would rather + 句子，这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。

2 if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

虚拟语气在高中英语课程中是一个令学生头疼的难点，因为它的用法相对复杂，常常会引发混淆和错误。为了帮助学生更好地掌握虚拟语气的用法，学校决定引入一份全新的高中虚拟语气课件。这个课件不仅详细、具体，还生动有趣，为学生提供了很好的学习工具。

这个课件详细介绍了虚拟语气的定义和用法。通过简单清晰的语言和生动的例子，学生能立刻掌握虚拟语气的基本概念。课件举了许多常见的虚拟语气用法，如“与过去事实相反的情况”，“与现在事实相反的情况”，以及“与将来事实相反的情况”等。每种用法都通过例句和练习进行了深入解释，学生可以通过课件的指导来学习并掌握。

课件通过设立各种实践活动来帮助学生巩固所学知识。活动的形式丰富多样，兼顾了听、说、读、写的能力培养。比如，在听力活动中，学生需要根据所听到的句子选择正确的虚拟语气形式；在口语活动中，学生们则要模仿给定的情景，用虚拟语气表达自己的意见和建议；在阅读理解活动中，学生将阅读一些虚拟语气的文章，然后回答相应的问题；在写作活动中，学生要运用虚拟语气来写一篇关于理想的演讲稿，等等。这些实践活动的设计不仅能够帮助学生更好地理解和应用虚拟语气的用法，还能培养他们的语言运用能力。

课件还提供了一些额外的资源和练习材料供学生自主学习。学生可以通过课件提供的链接和二维码，访问相关的网站和学习平台，进一步深化他们对虚拟语气的理解。课件还提供了许多练习题和答案，供学生自行练习和检验。这些练习题的难度逐渐增加，旨在帮助学生提高他们的应试能力和解题能力。

课件还设置了一个评估系统，用来跟踪学生的学习进度和成绩。学生可以通过课件的系统，在完成每个单元后进行自测，并及时了解自己的学习进度。课件还会根据学生的学习情况，推送一些针对性的练习题和学习资料，以帮助学生弥补知识漏洞和提高成绩。

这份高中虚拟语气课件详细、具体且生动，为学生提供了一种全新的学习方式和工具。通过课件的学习，学生可以迅速掌握虚拟语气的用法，并通过实践活动和评估系统，不断提高他们的学习能力和应试水平。相信随着这个课件的运用，学生对虚拟语气的恐惧感会降低，他们会更加自信地运用虚拟语气，并在英语学习中取得更好的成绩。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型：条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it

rain rains rained is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret

2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

一、

在高中语法教学中，语法课件的使用日益重要。语法作为语言的基本规则，是学生学习语言的基础。语法课件通过图文并茂的方式，生动具体地展示了语法知识，有助于学生理解和掌握语法规则。本文将详细介绍高中语法课件的设计和运用，以提高语法教学的效果。

二、语法课件的设计原则

1. 目标明确性

语法课件的设计应明确学习目标，确保学生能够准确理解和运用所学的语法知识。在每个课件的开头，应明确写出本课件的学习目标，例如“了解和运用常用句型”、“掌握动词时态等。

2. 结构清晰性

语法课件的结构应清晰有序，遵循从简单到复杂的原则。可以按照语法知识的重要性和难易程度，将课件分为不同的模块，有助于学生逐步理解和掌握语法规则。例如，可以先介绍简单句的基本结构，然后再引入复合句的构造。

3. 图文并茂

语法课件应以图文并茂的形式呈现语法知识。通过图片、动画、示例等多媒体元素的运用，可以生动地展示语法规则，增加学生的兴趣，提高学习效果。例如，可以用动画形象地展示动词时态的变化规律。

4. 实用性

语法课件的设计应注重实用性，强调语法知识的应用能力培养。通过例句训练、语法错误辨析等活动，引导学生运用所学的语法知识，加深对语法规则的理解。例如，可以设计一些句子改错的练习，让学生发现并纠正语法错误。

三、语法课件的具体设计

1. 介绍基本句型

语法课件的第一个模块可以介绍基本的句型结构，包括主语、谓语、宾语等成分。通过形象的图片展示，让学生能够清晰地理解句子的结构和成分的作用。可以设计一些练习，让学生判断句子中的成分，并进行句子的构造。

2. 动词时态变化规律

语法课件的第二个模块可以介绍动词时态的变化规律。通过图文并茂的方式，展示动词在不同时态下的变化形式，并给出一些实例。可以设计一些填空练习，让学生根据句意和语境选择正确的动词时态。

3. 名词的分类和用法

语法课件的第三个模块可以介绍名词的分类和用法。通过图片展示不同类别的名词，如可数名词、不可数名词等，并讲解它们在句子中的不同用法。可以设计一些选择题，让学生判断句子中名词的使用是否正确。

4. 形容词和副词的用法

语法课件的第四个模块可以介绍形容词和副词的用法。通过图片和示例展示形容词和副词的修饰作用，以及它们在句子中的位置。可以设计一些排序题，让学生根据句意和语法规则对形容词和副词的位置进行排序。

四、语法课件的运用

1. 课堂展示

语法课件可以在课堂上进行展示，通过图文并茂的方式引导学生理解和掌握语法知识。教师可以根据课件的内容展开讲解，引导学生参与讨论和练习，加深对语法规则的理解。

2. 自主学习

语法课件可以作为学生自主学习的工具，供学生在课后进行复习和巩固。学生可以通过观看课件，自行消化语法知识，通过练习和答疑加深对语法规则的理解。

3. 评估

语法课件可以作为学生学习成果的评估工具。可以设计一些与课件内容相关的选择题、填空题等形式的测试，通过测验学生的语法水平，了解他们对语法规则的掌握程度。

五、

高中语法课件的设计和运用对于提高语法教学效果至关重要。设计合理的语法课件，不仅能够生动具体地展示语法知识，增加学生的学习兴趣，还能够加深对语法规则的理解和掌握。教师和学生在使用语法课件时，应注意课件的目标明确性、结构清晰性、图文并茂以及实用性，以达到更好的教学效果。通过语法课件的设计和运用，可以有效提高高中语法教学的质量和效果。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

Ⅰ.用方框中词组的适当形式填空

Hand over　care for　speak out　pack up　give away

1.I’m about to __________ my things and go home.

lin Lamb __________ responsibility for this project to him yesterday.

3.She thinks no one knows how much she likes him,but her face when I said he’d be there really __________.

4.The children __________ by a relative at the moment.

5.If no one has the courage __________ against the system things will never improve.

答案：1.pack up　2.handed over　3.gave her away　4.are being cared for　5.to speak out

Ⅱ.句子翻译

1._____________(正如我刚才所说),I think the proposal needs further consideration.

答案：As I was just saying

2.I told him he could _____________ (任意挑选他喜欢的座位).

答案：choose whichever seat he liked

3.I _____________ (厌倦了)your gossiping.Please keep quiet.

答案：have had enough of

4.After reading,please _____________ (把书放回原处).

答案：put back the books where they are

5.She _____________(宁愿受穷)than be a thief.

答案：would rather live a poor life

Ⅲ.单项填空

1. _____________ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A.To face B.Having faced

C.Faced D.Facing

答案：C

2.The storm left, _____________ a lot of damage to this area.

A.caused B.to have caused

C.to cause D.having caused

答案：D

3.While watching television, _____________.

A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings

答案：C

4.“You can’t catch me!” _____________ Janet shouted,away.

ning

C.to run D.ran

答案：B

5. _____________ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdown.

A.Put B.Putting

C.Having put D.Being put

答案：A

6.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A.taking B.taken

C.having taken D.having been taken

答案：A

7.He glanced over at her, _____________ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.

A.noting B.noted

C.to note D.having noted 

答案：A

8.When _____________ help,one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”

A.offering B.to offer

C.to be offered D.offered

答案：D

Ⅳ.根据课文内容用适当的词填空(每空一词)

King Lear,who had three daughters, _____________ old and tired.He had decided _____________ and divided the kingdom into three parts.But he was going to give the best part for _____________ of them had the most devotion for him.Goneril and Regan,who won his trust by _____________ words and flattery,got their parts;while Cordelia,the _____________ daughter,who had angered King Lear by truthful _____________,was deprived of her share.She had to _____________ her kingdom and traveled across the sea to France.The King then _____________ his kingdom between his two elder daughters,only keeping a hundred soldiers to care for and _____________ him.

King Lear went to live his eldest daughter.But she began _____________ him disrespectfully.King Lear was so angry that he decided to leave and go to the castle of his other daughter,Regan.

答案：was growing;to retire;whichever;fancy;youngest;honesty;leave;divided;protect;treating

我综合我发展

Ⅰ.听力

第一节

请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

1.What do we know about Bill?

A.He will finish the paper soon.

B.He’s not going to write the paper.

C.He seldom complete his work early.

2.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A.In a hotel.

B.In a hospital.

C.In an office building.

3.What does the woman want to do?

A.Carry the box downstairs.

B.Put the box in a low position.

C.Move the box to the upper shelf.

4.What do we know about the population of the city?

A.It has increased.

B.It has stayed the same.

C.It has decreased.

5.What has caused the sales volume to go down?

A.Low production.

B.Poor management.

C.Foreign competition.

听力原文及答案：

(Text 1)

W:Do you know if Bill has finished his research paper on computers?

M:I don’t think so.He always seems to put things off until the last minute.

(Text 2)

M:Hi,Helen.It’s my turn now.Is there anything that needs my attention today?

W:Yeah.Mr Kent is getting worse.Here’s my report.

M:OK.I’ll pay close attention to him.

(Text 3)

W:Could you lend me a hand,please?

M:I’d be glad to.Where will you put this heavy box?

W:Down on the bottom shelf,then it won’t fall and hurt anyone in sudden events such as earthquakes.

(Text 4)

W:I think the population of this city has got smaller in the past ten years.The streets are not as crowded as they used to be.

M:But the newspaper says there are more people living here than ten years ago.

(Text 5)

M:How is our company’s business this month?

W:Not very good.Our sales volume has dropped by 10%.

M:Why is that?

W:A German company has just opened a branch here.

答案：1~5 CBBAC

第二节

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6~7题。

6.What does the woman think of what the man said?

A.It is surprising.

B.It is discouraging.

C.It is unbelievable.

7.What do we know about the clothes the man described?

A.They will warm up when it is cold.

B.They will cool off when it is cold.

C.They have built-in air conditioners.

听第7段材料，回答第8~10题。

8.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A.Air pollution.

B.Transportation.

C.Road connection.

9.Why does the man think laws of car use will be made?

A.Road traffic has to be controlled.

B.There’ll be new ways of traveling.

C.More and more people enjoy air travel.

10.What does the woman think of traveling by train under the oceans?

A.It is exciting.

B.It is frightening.

C.It is unimaginable.

听第8段材料，回答第11~13题。

11.What is the probable relationship between the woman and the man?

A.Wife and husband.

B.Employer and employee.

C.Landlady and renter.

12.What does the woman want the man to do when he goes out?

A.Boil the kettle.

B.Shut the window.

C.Close the drawer.

13.What do we know about the woman?

A.She is very careful.

B.She is warm-hearted.

C.She is absent-minded.

听第9段材料，回答第14~17题。

14.What does the man probably do?

A.He’s a ticket collector.

B.He’s a jeweler.

C.He’s a policeman.

15.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A.On a train.

B.In the street.

C.At the man’s office.

16.Why does the man stop the woman?

A.She stole something.

B.She is too rude to him.

C.She smoked in public places.

17.How does the man act toward the woman?

A.Selfishly.

B.Wrongly.

C.Politely.

听第10段材料，回答第19~20题。

18.What was done to find people’s ideas about the women’s movement?

A.A question was asked of husbands.

B.A group was set up to interview people.

C.A survey was made to both men and women.

19.Who help most at home?

A.Danish husbands.

B.British husbands.

C.Italian husbands.

20.What can we learn from what the speaker said?

A.Housework should be shared between men and women.

B.More than 50% of Danish men help in the house.

C.Danish men are more afraid of their wives.

听力原文及答案：

(Text 6)

W:It’s so cold now,but this morning it was so hot and sunny.I wish there was a way I could always be wearing the most suitable clothes for the temperature.

M:I recently read that in ten years we’ll be wearing clothes that change with the weather.

W:Oh,very funny!So we’ll be wearing huge clothes with built-in air conditioners and heaters.

M:I’m serious.Researchers will have new types of clothes made of special materials,which can store and release heat as the temperature changes.

W:Well,I never thought clothes could store heat.

(Text 7)

M:Talking about the 21st century.I think there’ll be huge changes in the way people use s will be made about what kind of car you can own and when you can use it.

W:Maybe there’ll just be too many of them on the roads.The air will be so seriously polluted that nobody will be able to breathe normally.

M:Exactly.People will have to rely on trains.

W:Why do you say that?

M:Well,we won’t be able to use cars,and the airports take too much space.That leaves trains.

W:Huh.So do you think there’ll be more efficient train systems between cities?

M:Sure.They’ll enable people to travel between cities in a matter of hours.There may even be trains going under oceans to connect the main continents.

W:Under the oceans?Get out of here!I get nervous enough flying on a plane.

(Text 8)

M:Well,it’s a nice room.Um...is there anything that I should know?

W:Well,I don’t allow the cat to go upstairs at all.And I don’t allow people to smoke in the bedroom.

M:Oh,I agree with that.I don’t smoke anywhere.

W:And I don’t allow people to stick pictures up on the walls.

M:Oh,I see.Can I use small nails or something?

W:Oh yes.Something like that is quite acceptable.And there’re just two more things if you don’t mind.If you go out,would you please remember to close the window?

M:Right.I’ll do that.

W:And there’s the kettle,as you can see.When you boil it,could you please put it on the floor and not on the chest of drawers?

M:All right.I’ll do that then.

(Text 9)

M:Excuse me,madam.

W:Yes?

M:Would you mind letting me take a look in your bag?

W:Well,I’m afraid I certainly do mind,if it’s all the same to you.Now go away.Hey,taxi!I’ve got a train to catch.

M:I’m sorry.I’m just trying to do my job but I’m afraid you’re making it rather difficult.However,I must insist on seeing what you have in your bag.

W:And what do you expect to find in there?Jewels?

M:Madam,if there’s nothing that doesn’t belong to you,you can leave right away and I’ll apologize for the inconvenience.

W:Oh,very well.There you are.

M:Thank you.And ten men’s watches?

W:Yes.I get very nervous if I don’t know the time.

M:I see you smoke a lot,too,madam.Fifteen cigarette lighters.

W:Yes,I’m rather a heavy smoker.And...and I happen to collect lighters.

M:I bet you do,madam.Well,I’m afraid I’m going to have to ask you to come along with me.

W:How dare you!I...

(Text 10)

W:Good morning and welcome to the Life review.Do you know how many men do housework?Recently,a European official group tried to discover what people’s ideas were about the women’s movement.As part of their survey,they asked many men and women the question,“Who does the housework?” The man answered very differently from the women!The housework they asked people about was:preparing meals,washing dishes,cleaning the house and baby-sitting.48% of British husbands said they did this kind of work.51% of Danish men said they helped in the house.15% of Italian men said they did the housework.But there was an interesting point of view from the wives.According to British wives,only 38% of their husbands help in the house.And Italian wives complained that their husbands hardly ever help.The Italian and British men didn’t tell the truth!The group found that Danish men were the most truthful husbands.Their answers were the same as their wives’.

答案：6~10 CABAB11~15 CBACB16~20 ACCAB

Ⅱ.单项填空

1.It is not the job of the investigating committee to ___________ blame ___________ individuals.

A.allocate;to B.allocate;for

C.allocate;/ D.allocate;at 

答案：A　allocate sth. to sb.为固定词组，表示“把……分配给……”。

2.Don’t you just adore ___________ in a hot bath?

A.to lie B.lying

C.lay D.lain 

答案：B　adore doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”。

3.Oil prices are ___________ to increase by less than 20% this year.

A.forecasting B.forecast

C.to be forecasted D.to be forecasting 

答案：B　此处为被动结构，即be+动词的过去分词形式。forecast的过去分词形式还是forecast。

4.She is ___________ to changing the system.

A.oppose B.opposition

C.opposing D.opposed 

答案：D　此处表被动，即“别人反对她改变系统”。

5.We had to ___________ in order to pay for our children’s education.

A.sacrifice B.give sacrifices

C.make sacrifices D.take sacrifice

答案：C　make sacrifices 为固定搭配，表示“作出牺牲”。

6.The police ___________ emergencies in just a few minutes.

A.responded B.response

C.respond to D.response to 

答案：C　respond通常和介词to搭配，表示“作出反应”。

7.I demanded that John ___________ there at once.

A.go B.went

C.gone D.to go 

答案：A　demand后的宾语从句的谓语通常用(should)+动词原形。

8.The brave soldier was willing to risk ___________ his life rather than ___________ himself up to the enemy.

A.lose;give B.losing;giving

C.losing;give D.lose;giving 

答案：C　risk 后面必须跟动名词作宾语;rather than后面要跟动词原形。

9.I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ___________ me.

A.have seen B.seeing

C.see D.saw

答案：B　look forward to+名词/动名词。

10. ___________ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Losing B.Having lost

C.Lost D.To lose 

答案：C　过去分词短语作原因状语。

11.European football is played in 80 countries, ___________ it the most popular sport in the world.

A.making B.makes

C.made D.to make 

答案：A　现在分词短语作结果状语。

12. ___________ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A.Not knowing B.Knowing not

C.Not having known D.Having not known

答案：A　she和know为主动关系，且这里是现在分词短语作原因状语。

13.If ___________ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.

A.giving B.give

C.given D.being given 

答案：C　连词与过去分词共同作条件状语。

14.Many teachers were praised at the meeting,Mr.Zhou ___________.

A.including B.being included

C.to be included D.included

答案：D　Mr.Zhou 作included的逻辑主语。

15.She asked me to help her, ___________ that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone.

A.only to realize B.realizing 

C.having been realized D.realized 

答案：B　分词短语作时间状语。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Learning experiences happen to us throughout our lives.Not long ago,I had one that I would like to 　1　.I was going to Marblehead with my sailboat team.The team was racing down the highway at 85 mph 　2　,we realized we were 　3　.Luckily,we saw a rest area ahead.I had a brand-new (崭新的) bill.I was so 　4　 because I had never had that kind of cash before.But spending it on 　5　 seemed like throwing it away.We all rushed into the pizza line.　6　 I got a pizza and a drink,and walked to my table.About halfway through the meal,I 　7　 I had not actually handed any money to the cashier.I had just 　8　 out,and nobody had noticed.I felt terrible.

My conscience(良心)opened its mouth and swallowed me in one big bite.I couldn’t 　9　 over it.I just couldn’t go back to the cashier and 　10　 for my stolen pizza.I was so upset that I 　11　 to give myself the pleasure of an ice cream for 　12　 that someone would say,“Hey,Jeff,why don’t you use the change 　13　 the pizza instead of that nice,new bill?” I was not 　14　 of my cash now.

For the next two years,whenever I was 　15　 of the “pizza incident”,I would say to myself,“Don’t think about it...”

I have learned two things from this 　16　.Maybe I was a fool for 　17　 in to my conscience,and being too stupid to appreciate a 　18　 pizza.But the real lesson is that even if you get away from what you have done your conscience will 　19　 up with you.

This reflects the saying,“A coward (懦夫)dies a thousand deaths,a hero dies one.” I was a coward and have felt terrible about that incident at least a thousand times.If I had been a “　20　” and gone back to pay for the pizza,I would have felt a little uncomfortable about it only once,or maybe twice.

1.A.say B.talk

C.share D.explain

2.A.as B.while

C.then D.when

3.A.lost B.tired

C.hungry D.anxious

4.A.excited B.eager

C.satisfied D.encouraged

5.A.rest B.food

C.travel D.drink

6.A.Luckily B.Finally

C.immediately D.Actually 

7.A.thought B.recognized

C.noticed D.realized 

8.A.walked B.left

ed D.found

9.A.look B.get

C.turn D.think

10.A.ask B.pay

C.apologize D.send

11.A.refused B.wanted

C.hoped D.meant

12.A.hope B.surprise

C.anger D.fear

13.A.into B.with

C.for D.from

14.A.sure B.upset

ud D.pleased

15.A.warned B.reminded

C.thought D.told

16.A.experience B.experiment

C.story D.mistake

17.A.turning B.taking

C.handing D.giving

18.A.free B.cheap

C.plain D.delicious

19.A.make B.wake

C.catch D.put

20.ward B.fool

C.loser D.hero

答案：1.C　文章首句说“我们要从生活经历中学习经验、教训”。作者要把他的一段经历说给大家，与读者共勉。故用share。

2.D　when为并列连词，表示“这时”，相当与and then。

3.C

4.A　自己有一张以前从未有过的钞票，所以心情激动。

5.B

6.B　上一句“We all rushed into the pizza line”说明吃饭的人多，需要等候，用finally表明等了一些时间。

7.D　吃饭过程中就意识到自己还未付钱。

8.A　未付钱就走出快餐店。

9.B　作者受到良心的谴责，不能摆脱。get over 克服;恢复;look over 检查;turn over 翻开(过); think over 仔细考虑。

10.B

11.A　由于内心不安，我没有买冰淇淋(可能有同伴正在买)。

12.D　for fear that 是固定词组，表示“惟恐，以免”。

13.D　全句意思是“你为什么不用买比萨找回的零钱而用那张崭新的20元呢?”

14.C

15.B　remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事”。

16.A

17.D　give in to sth.意为“向……屈服”。

18.A

19.C　全句意思是“即使你远离了所做的事情，你的良心会跟着你，使你受到谴责”。

20.D　作者认为自己是个懦夫，没有成为一个勇于认错的英雄。本句用了虚拟语气，假设当时改正错误，自己内心就会不安一两次。

Ⅳ.阅读理解

Last Monday,David Nichol,Australia’s top kidney (肾)doctor,successfully removed a diseased kidney from a woman.What’s so unusual about that?David Nichol was in his office in Australia while the woman lay on an operating table in New Zealand.

What connected them was a technology called remote surgery(手术).

Remote surgery itself is not new.In 2001,a group of doctors in New York,US,removed a gall bladder (胆囊)from a patient lying in France.It was the first successful case of remote surgery used on a human across international borders.

Now,Nichol’s operation is to be the first one performed on the kidneys.Nichol used joysticks (操纵杆)to direct robotic arms in the New Zealand operating room during the two-hour operation.The joysticks and the robotic arms are linked by a computer network.Nichol could watch the robot’s work while doctors in New Zealand checked the patient and changed the instruments as needed.“Before this technology,I would have been in the operating theatre (手术室)when they were performing the operation，” Nichol said.During remote surgery,the doctor is the one in control.The robots carry out the operation using a complex method.

Doctors have found that a robot is better than a human surgeon at carrying out this difficult operation—even when it is controlled thousands of miles away.Unlike humans,robotic “arms” do not shake when they target a small piece of tissue (组织)or organ.In remote surgery such as the removal of kidney stones,the robotic arm inserts a long special needle into the patient’s body and X-rays guide it to the kidney.

Once the robotic arm has reached the hard kidney stone,the needle gets wider so that a tiny telescope can travel down it and look at the organ.Then instruments are used to break up the stone and get rid of the remaining waste.

For doctors,the technology means less stress in the operation room.And for patients,it means far less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.

However,the remote surgery is not widely used because it’s still very expensive.A remote operation on a gall bladder costs more than US

高中虚拟语气课件|高中虚拟语气课件（分享13篇）

发布时间：2021-04-13

高中虚拟语气课件（分享13篇）。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

1.虚拟语气

He is honest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）

Don‘t be late next time.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）

If I were you，I would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2第一类

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

If I were you，I would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）

条件句的谓语时态类型主句谓语形式例句形式

1.If I were you, I should 动词过去式与现在事实would/should/could/might V原study English.did 相反形 2.I would certainly go if *be 多用were I had time.1.If you had taken my

advice, you would not have 动词过去完成would/should/could/might failed in the test.式 have done 2.If I had left a little had done earlier, I would have caught the train.与过去事实相反

*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）

注：特别说明

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren’t for„和If it hadn’t been for„，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again(= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。

Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,„)如果你问我，我会告诉你。

3第二类

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：

（1）We hope they will come.(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come.(We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。

2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

3.lwould rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：

① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。

4.las if(though)从句用虚拟语气

以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： He acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明

(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。

(2)注意 It isn’t as if„的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

4第三类

从句中should 动词原形，should可省略

1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

2.表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句

建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：

I insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。

He urged that they go to Europe.他督促他们到欧洲去。

He suggested that we shouldleave early.他建议我们早点动身。

He ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。

He requires that I(should)appear.他要求我出场。

I move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。

He arranged that I should go abroad.他安排我去国外。

She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气

比较：

He insisted that Ihad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。

He suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “It is(was) 紧急重要--带感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词后的主语从句

第四类

It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了

*有时也用过去进行时或“should 动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)

ex.It’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。

It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)

It's time = It is(the very/high/right/about)time

第五类

表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。

May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。

May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。

第六类

在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。

1）有that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）That the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。

2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）Would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。

3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）To think that I trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语动词过去式（be 一律用were）

例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。

We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语 would/could have 过去分词或had 过去分词例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。

I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成：主语 wish(that) 从句主语 would/should/could/might 原形动词

例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。

I wish that someday I should live on the moon.We wish that they would come soon.II.AS IF 引出的虚拟。

As if„.表好像„„我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if„„。(就好象是„„)

As if 从句，主句。（好像„„ Sb. do„）表达一种假设的条件。而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。

6注意事项

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

What would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain(= If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定语从句）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)

混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气

1。混合型虚拟语气：

If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had 过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would 动词原形)

2.含蓄型虚拟语气：

有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如

Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

He would have given you more help,but he was too busy

He would lose weight,but he eats too much

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的规则用法：

从句都表示与过去事实相反：

从句的.谓语动词用：had + 动词过去分词;

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。

注意：能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个：should, could, would, might.

使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定，考试中出现最多的是could, would.

从句都表示与现在事实相反：

从句的谓语动词用：动词过去式(如果是be则只能用were)

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。

从句都表示与将来事实相反：

从句的谓语动词用：were to + 动词原形(重点)、should + 动词原形、动词过去式;

主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。

二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：

1 would rather + 句子，这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。

2 if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型：条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it

rain rains rained is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret

2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

一、

二、语法课件的设计原则

1. 目标明确性

2. 结构清晰性

3. 图文并茂

4. 实用性

三、语法课件的具体设计

1. 介绍基本句型

2. 动词时态变化规律

3. 名词的分类和用法

4. 形容词和副词的用法

四、语法课件的运用

1. 课堂展示

2. 自主学习

3. 评估

五、

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

Ⅰ.用方框中词组的适当形式填空

Hand over　care for　speak out　pack up　give away

1.I’m about to __________ my things and go home.

lin Lamb __________ responsibility for this project to him yesterday.

3.She thinks no one knows how much she likes him,but her face when I said he’d be there really __________.

4.The children __________ by a relative at the moment.

5.If no one has the courage __________ against the system things will never improve.

答案：1.pack up　2.handed over　3.gave her away　4.are being cared for　5.to speak out

Ⅱ.句子翻译

1._____________(正如我刚才所说),I think the proposal needs further consideration.

答案：As I was just saying

2.I told him he could _____________ (任意挑选他喜欢的座位).

答案：choose whichever seat he liked

3.I _____________ (厌倦了)your gossiping.Please keep quiet.

答案：have had enough of

4.After reading,please _____________ (把书放回原处).

答案：put back the books where they are

5.She _____________(宁愿受穷)than be a thief.

答案：would rather live a poor life

Ⅲ.单项填空

1. _____________ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A.To face B.Having faced

C.Faced D.Facing

答案：C

2.The storm left, _____________ a lot of damage to this area.

A.caused B.to have caused

C.to cause D.having caused

答案：D

3.While watching television, _____________.

A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings

答案：C

4.“You can’t catch me!” _____________ Janet shouted,away.

ning

C.to run D.ran

答案：B

5. _____________ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdown.

A.Put B.Putting

C.Having put D.Being put

答案：A

6.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A.taking B.taken

C.having taken D.having been taken

答案：A

7.He glanced over at her, _____________ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.

A.noting B.noted

C.to note D.having noted 

答案：A

8.When _____________ help,one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”

A.offering B.to offer

C.to be offered D.offered

答案：D

Ⅳ.根据课文内容用适当的词填空(每空一词)

King Lear went to live his eldest daughter.But she began _____________ him disrespectfully.King Lear was so angry that he decided to leave and go to the castle of his other daughter,Regan.

答案：was growing;to retire;whichever;fancy;youngest;honesty;leave;divided;protect;treating

我综合我发展

Ⅰ.听力

第一节

1.What do we know about Bill?

A.He will finish the paper soon.

B.He’s not going to write the paper.

C.He seldom complete his work early.

2.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A.In a hotel.

B.In a hospital.

C.In an office building.

3.What does the woman want to do?

A.Carry the box downstairs.

B.Put the box in a low position.

C.Move the box to the upper shelf.

4.What do we know about the population of the city?

A.It has increased.

B.It has stayed the same.

C.It has decreased.

5.What has caused the sales volume to go down?

A.Low production.

B.Poor management.

C.Foreign competition.

听力原文及答案：

(Text 1)

W:Do you know if Bill has finished his research paper on computers?

M:I don’t think so.He always seems to put things off until the last minute.

(Text 2)

M:Hi,Helen.It’s my turn now.Is there anything that needs my attention today?

W:Yeah.Mr Kent is getting worse.Here’s my report.

M:OK.I’ll pay close attention to him.

(Text 3)

W:Could you lend me a hand,please?

M:I’d be glad to.Where will you put this heavy box?

W:Down on the bottom shelf,then it won’t fall and hurt anyone in sudden events such as earthquakes.

(Text 4)

W:I think the population of this city has got smaller in the past ten years.The streets are not as crowded as they used to be.

M:But the newspaper says there are more people living here than ten years ago.

(Text 5)

M:How is our company’s business this month?

W:Not very good.Our sales volume has dropped by 10%.

M:Why is that?

W:A German company has just opened a branch here.

答案：1~5 CBBAC

第二节

听第6段材料，回答第6~7题。

6.What does the woman think of what the man said?

A.It is surprising.

B.It is discouraging.

C.It is unbelievable.

7.What do we know about the clothes the man described?

A.They will warm up when it is cold.

B.They will cool off when it is cold.

C.They have built-in air conditioners.

听第7段材料，回答第8~10题。

8.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A.Air pollution.

B.Transportation.

C.Road connection.

9.Why does the man think laws of car use will be made?

A.Road traffic has to be controlled.

B.There’ll be new ways of traveling.

C.More and more people enjoy air travel.

10.What does the woman think of traveling by train under the oceans?

A.It is exciting.

B.It is frightening.

C.It is unimaginable.

听第8段材料，回答第11~13题。

11.What is the probable relationship between the woman and the man?

A.Wife and husband.

B.Employer and employee.

C.Landlady and renter.

12.What does the woman want the man to do when he goes out?

A.Boil the kettle.

B.Shut the window.

C.Close the drawer.

13.What do we know about the woman?

A.She is very careful.

B.She is warm-hearted.

C.She is absent-minded.

听第9段材料，回答第14~17题。

14.What does the man probably do?

A.He’s a ticket collector.

B.He’s a jeweler.

C.He’s a policeman.

15.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A.On a train.

B.In the street.

C.At the man’s office.

16.Why does the man stop the woman?

A.She stole something.

B.She is too rude to him.

C.She smoked in public places.

17.How does the man act toward the woman?

A.Selfishly.

B.Wrongly.

C.Politely.

听第10段材料，回答第19~20题。

18.What was done to find people’s ideas about the women’s movement?

A.A question was asked of husbands.

B.A group was set up to interview people.

C.A survey was made to both men and women.

19.Who help most at home?

A.Danish husbands.

B.British husbands.

C.Italian husbands.

20.What can we learn from what the speaker said?

A.Housework should be shared between men and women.

B.More than 50% of Danish men help in the house.

C.Danish men are more afraid of their wives.

听力原文及答案：

(Text 6)

W:It’s so cold now,but this morning it was so hot and sunny.I wish there was a way I could always be wearing the most suitable clothes for the temperature.

M:I recently read that in ten years we’ll be wearing clothes that change with the weather.

W:Oh,very funny!So we’ll be wearing huge clothes with built-in air conditioners and heaters.

M:I’m serious.Researchers will have new types of clothes made of special materials,which can store and release heat as the temperature changes.

W:Well,I never thought clothes could store heat.

(Text 7)

M:Talking about the 21st century.I think there’ll be huge changes in the way people use s will be made about what kind of car you can own and when you can use it.

W:Maybe there’ll just be too many of them on the roads.The air will be so seriously polluted that nobody will be able to breathe normally.

M:Exactly.People will have to rely on trains.

W:Why do you say that?

M:Well,we won’t be able to use cars,and the airports take too much space.That leaves trains.

W:Huh.So do you think there’ll be more efficient train systems between cities?

M:Sure.They’ll enable people to travel between cities in a matter of hours.There may even be trains going under oceans to connect the main continents.

W:Under the oceans?Get out of here!I get nervous enough flying on a plane.

(Text 8)

M:Well,it’s a nice room.Um...is there anything that I should know?

W:Well,I don’t allow the cat to go upstairs at all.And I don’t allow people to smoke in the bedroom.

M:Oh,I agree with that.I don’t smoke anywhere.

W:And I don’t allow people to stick pictures up on the walls.

M:Oh,I see.Can I use small nails or something?

W:Oh yes.Something like that is quite acceptable.And there’re just two more things if you don’t mind.If you go out,would you please remember to close the window?

M:Right.I’ll do that.

W:And there’s the kettle,as you can see.When you boil it,could you please put it on the floor and not on the chest of drawers?

M:All right.I’ll do that then.

(Text 9)

M:Excuse me,madam.

W:Yes?

M:Would you mind letting me take a look in your bag?

W:Well,I’m afraid I certainly do mind,if it’s all the same to you.Now go away.Hey,taxi!I’ve got a train to catch.

M:I’m sorry.I’m just trying to do my job but I’m afraid you’re making it rather difficult.However,I must insist on seeing what you have in your bag.

W:And what do you expect to find in there?Jewels?

M:Madam,if there’s nothing that doesn’t belong to you,you can leave right away and I’ll apologize for the inconvenience.

W:Oh,very well.There you are.

M:Thank you.And ten men’s watches?

W:Yes.I get very nervous if I don’t know the time.

M:I see you smoke a lot,too,madam.Fifteen cigarette lighters.

W:Yes,I’m rather a heavy smoker.And...and I happen to collect lighters.

M:I bet you do,madam.Well,I’m afraid I’m going to have to ask you to come along with me.

W:How dare you!I...

(Text 10)

答案：6~10 CABAB11~15 CBACB16~20 ACCAB

Ⅱ.单项填空

1.It is not the job of the investigating committee to ___________ blame ___________ individuals.

A.allocate;to B.allocate;for

C.allocate;/ D.allocate;at 

答案：A　allocate sth. to sb.为固定词组，表示“把……分配给……”。

2.Don’t you just adore ___________ in a hot bath?

A.to lie B.lying

C.lay D.lain 

答案：B　adore doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”。

3.Oil prices are ___________ to increase by less than 20% this year.

A.forecasting B.forecast

C.to be forecasted D.to be forecasting 

答案：B　此处为被动结构，即be+动词的过去分词形式。forecast的过去分词形式还是forecast。

4.She is ___________ to changing the system.

A.oppose B.opposition

C.opposing D.opposed 

答案：D　此处表被动，即“别人反对她改变系统”。

5.We had to ___________ in order to pay for our children’s education.

A.sacrifice B.give sacrifices

C.make sacrifices D.take sacrifice

答案：C　make sacrifices 为固定搭配，表示“作出牺牲”。

6.The police ___________ emergencies in just a few minutes.

A.responded B.response

C.respond to D.response to 

答案：C　respond通常和介词to搭配，表示“作出反应”。

7.I demanded that John ___________ there at once.

A.go B.went

C.gone D.to go 

答案：A　demand后的宾语从句的谓语通常用(should)+动词原形。

8.The brave soldier was willing to risk ___________ his life rather than ___________ himself up to the enemy.

A.lose;give B.losing;giving

C.losing;give D.lose;giving 

答案：C　risk 后面必须跟动名词作宾语;rather than后面要跟动词原形。

9.I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ___________ me.

A.have seen B.seeing

C.see D.saw

答案：B　look forward to+名词/动名词。

10. ___________ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Losing B.Having lost

C.Lost D.To lose 

答案：C　过去分词短语作原因状语。

11.European football is played in 80 countries, ___________ it the most popular sport in the world.

A.making B.makes

C.made D.to make 

答案：A　现在分词短语作结果状语。

12. ___________ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A.Not knowing B.Knowing not

C.Not having known D.Having not known

答案：A　she和know为主动关系，且这里是现在分词短语作原因状语。

13.If ___________ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.

A.giving B.give

C.given D.being given 

答案：C　连词与过去分词共同作条件状语。

14.Many teachers were praised at the meeting,Mr.Zhou ___________.

A.including B.being included

C.to be included D.included

答案：D　Mr.Zhou 作included的逻辑主语。

15.She asked me to help her, ___________ that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone.

A.only to realize B.realizing 

C.having been realized D.realized 

答案：B　分词短语作时间状语。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Learning experiences happen to us throughout our lives.Not long ago,I had one that I would like to 　1　.I was going to Marblehead with my sailboat team.The team was racing down the highway at 85 mph 　2　,we realized we were 　3　.Luckily,we saw a rest area ahead.I had a brand-new (崭新的)$20 bill.I was so 　4　 because I had never had that kind of cash before.But spending it on 　5　 seemed like throwing it away.We all rushed into the pizza line.　6　 I got a pizza and a drink,and walked to my table.About halfway through the meal,I 　7　 I had not actually handed any money to the cashier.I had just 　8　 out,and nobody had noticed.I felt terrible.

My conscience(良心)opened its mouth and swallowed me in one big bite.I couldn’t 　9　 over it.I just couldn’t go back to the cashier and 　10　 for my stolen pizza.I was so upset that I 　11　 to give myself the pleasure of an ice cream for 　12　 that someone would say,“Hey,Jeff,why don’t you use the change 　13　 the pizza instead of that nice,new $20 bill?” I was not 　14　 of my cash now.

For the next two years,whenever I was 　15　 of the “pizza incident”,I would say to myself,“Don’t think about it...”

1.A.say B.talk

C.share D.explain

2.A.as B.while

C.then D.when

3.A.lost B.tired

C.hungry D.anxious

4.A.excited B.eager

C.satisfied D.encouraged

5.A.rest B.food

C.travel D.drink

6.A.Luckily B.Finally

C.immediately D.Actually 

7.A.thought B.recognized

C.noticed D.realized 

8.A.walked B.left

ed D.found

9.A.look B.get

C.turn D.think

10.A.ask B.pay

C.apologize D.send

11.A.refused B.wanted

C.hoped D.meant

12.A.hope B.surprise

C.anger D.fear

13.A.into B.with

C.for D.from

14.A.sure B.upset

ud D.pleased

15.A.warned B.reminded

C.thought D.told

16.A.experience B.experiment

C.story D.mistake

17.A.turning B.taking

C.handing D.giving

18.A.free B.cheap

C.plain D.delicious

19.A.make B.wake

C.catch D.put

20.ward B.fool

C.loser D.hero

答案：1.C　文章首句说“我们要从生活经历中学习经验、教训”。作者要把他的一段经历说给大家，与读者共勉。故用share。

2.D　when为并列连词，表示“这时”，相当与and then。

3.C

4.A　自己有一张以前从未有过的钞票，所以心情激动。

5.B

6.B　上一句“We all rushed into the pizza line”说明吃饭的人多，需要等候，用finally表明等了一些时间。

7.D　吃饭过程中就意识到自己还未付钱。

8.A　未付钱就走出快餐店。

9.B　作者受到良心的谴责，不能摆脱。get over 克服;恢复;look over 检查;turn over 翻开(过); think over 仔细考虑。

10.B

11.A　由于内心不安，我没有买冰淇淋(可能有同伴正在买)。

12.D　for fear that 是固定词组，表示“惟恐，以免”。

13.D　全句意思是“你为什么不用买比萨找回的零钱而用那张崭新的20元呢?”

14.C

15.B　remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事”。

16.A

17.D　give in to sth.意为“向……屈服”。

18.A

19.C　全句意思是“即使你远离了所做的事情，你的良心会跟着你，使你受到谴责”。

20.D　作者认为自己是个懦夫，没有成为一个勇于认错的英雄。本句用了虚拟语气，假设当时改正错误，自己内心就会不安一两次。

Ⅳ.阅读理解

What connected them was a technology called remote surgery(手术).

For doctors,the technology means less stress in the operation room.And for patients,it means far less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.

However,the remote surgery is not widely used because it’s still very expensive.A remote operation on a gall bladder costs more than US $1 million.A normal operation costs US $2000.It will be some time yet before the price falls and the operation is available to people throughout the world.

1.Why was this kidney operation so unusual?Because ___________.

A.remote surgery was only used on the kidney operation

B.it was a robot that was carrying out the operation

C.the patient and the doctor in control were in different countries

D.it was the first successful operation of remote surgery performed on kidneys

2.What does the underlined word “target” mean in this passage?

A.aim at B.cure

C.meet with D.get close to 

3.What is the key part of the operation of remote surgery?

A.The joysticks. B.The robot.

C.The network. D.The doctor.

4.What advantage do the operations of remote surgery have mainly?

A.The doctors are less stressed during the operations.

B.It is more convenient for doctors to perform the operations.

C.The patients will have less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.

D.The robot is better than a human surgeon.

答案：1.D　主旨大意题。由第一段和第三段可知。

2.A　猜测词义题。target作名词时，表示“目标”，此处用作动词，表示“瞄准”。

3.D　远程手术是由主治大夫操作完成的。

4.C　由文章第七段可知。

One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes.It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like “I was wrong about that,” and it is even harder to say,“I was wrong,and you were right about that.”

I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago.He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighborhood where I grew up,and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons(箱子).Then he related an incident and I began to remember clearly the incident he was describing.

I was about eight years old at the time,and I had gone into the store with my mother to do the weekly grocery shopping.On that particular day,I must have found my way to dairy food department where the incident took place.

There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons.The cartons were stacked (堆放)three or four feet high.I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks.Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons.For some reason,I decided it was up to me to put the display back together,so I went to work.

The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened.When he appeared,I was on my knees examining some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken,but to him it looked as though I was the criminal.He severely scolded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs.I protested my innocence and tried to explain,but it did no good.Even though I quickly forget all about the incident,obviously the manager did not.

5.The author was __________ when he wrote this article.

A.about 23 B.about 15

C.about 8 D.about 18

6.When the manager scolded him the author ___________.

A.was frightened and cried

B.did not say anything

C.felt the manager was right

D.tried to explain the incident

7.It can be inferred that the author ___________.

A.expects the woman to say sorry to him for the mistake she made

B.has forgiven the manager for what he did to him fifteen years ago

C.would like to tell people never to be fooled by an egg sale

D.regrets arguing with the manager for what he didn’t do

答案：5.A　从第二段“he had made a mistake fifteen years ago”和第三段“I was about eight years old at the time”可推断出答案。

6.D　从最后一段中的“I protested my innocence and tried to explain”可知。

7.B　文章第一段详细阐述了作者的观点:主动向别人认错是多数人佩服的品质之一。那位经理能在15年后向他认错，更加难能可贵。由此可知作者的态度。

Mom was a teacher most of her life.When she wasn’t in the classroom,she was educating her children or grandchildren:correcting our grammar,starting us on collection of butterflies,flowers or rocks;or inspiring a discussion on her most recent “Book of the Month Club” topic.Mom made learning fun.

It was sad for my three brothers and me to see her ailing in her later years.At eighty-five,she suffered a stroke and she went steadily downhill after that.

Two days before she died,my brothers and I met at her nursing home and took her for a short ride in a wheelchair.While we waited for the staff to lift her limp body back into bed,Mom fell asleep.Not wanting to wake her,we moved to the far end of the room and spoke softly.

After several minutes our conversation was interrupted by a muffled sound coming from across the room.We stopped talking and looked at Mom.Her eyes were closed,but she was clearly trying to communicate with us.We went to her side.

“Whirr,” she said weakly.

“Where?” I asked.“Mom,is there something you want?” “Whirr.” she repeated a bit stronger.My brothers and I looked at each other and shook our heads sadly.

Mom opened her eyes,sighed,and with all the energy she could muster said,“Not was.Say were!”

It suddenly occurred to us that Mom was correcting brother’s Jim’s last sentence,“if it was up to me...”

Jim leaned down and kissed her cheek.“Thanks,Mom,” he whispered.We smiled at each other and once again shook our heads this time in awe of a remarkable teacher.

8.When Mom said,“Whirr”,what did she really want to do?

A.She wanted to tell her sons her will.

B.She wanted to have something to eat before she died.

C.She wanted to correct the mistakes Jim made while talking.

D.She wanted to teach her sons more because she was dying.

9.Which of the following statements is NOT right?

A.Mom was a good teacher and never wanted to stop her teaching.

B.Mom was always making her teaching fun.

C.Mom didn’t forget her teaching until she died.

D.Mom was no longer a teacher when she was at home.

10.What does the writer think of his mother?

A.He loved her but was tired of his mother’s teaching at home.

B.His mother should forget her teaching and enjoyed the rest of her life.

C.His mother was great because she devoted herself to teaching.

D.His mother was an excellent teacher before she was retired.

答案：8.C　文章第七、八两段点明了母亲的意图。

9.D　母亲离开讲台后在家里教育子女，直至生命尽头。D项与此不符。

10.C　作者对母亲献身教育的崇敬贯穿全文。第一段有“Mom made learning fun”，最后一段有“this time in awe of a remarkable teacher”。

Ⅴ.短文改错

此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按情况改正:

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意:原行没有错的不要改。

Last night when Jim was going over his lesson,his grandma 1._________

came into her room and chatted with him for a while.Then 2._________

she got up from the sofa and wanted go to her bedroom. 3._________

And suddenly she fell down to the ground.Jim was very 4._________

frightened.Knew her heart trouble must have come again, 5._________

he quickly phoned nearest hospital for help.Before the 6._________

doctors came,he helped his grandma lay on her back and 7._________

comfort her,which made her feel better.Soon help came 8._________

in and his grandma was sent to hospital at once.One doctor 9._________

said Jim had done the right thing and actually saved her life. 10._________

答案：1.lesson→lessons　lesson为可数名词，此处指“几门功课”。

2.her→his　Jim 为男孩名。

3.wanted 后加to　want to do...意为“想要……”.

4.And→But　此处表示语意转折。

5.Knew→Knowing　knowing 为现在分词作状语，her heart trouble must have come again 作knowing 的宾语。

6.phoned后加 the　形容词的级前用定冠词。

7.lay→lie　lay 表示“放置”，lie表示“躺”。

fort→comforted　此处为平行结构，与上一行的时态一致。

9.去掉in　came in进来，进入;本句表示“不久救援来了”。

10.√

Ⅵ.书面表达

假设你是李华。最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是:太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语写一篇文章，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。

一些同学赞同一些同学反对你自己的观点

获得新知识耗资巨大 ?

从太空取得新资源宇航员的安全问题

扩大人类的生存空间

注意:1.词数:120~150。

2.标题与开头已写好，不记入总词数。

Outer Space Explorations,YES or No?

We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. _________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

编者按：虚拟语气意思就是：打一个和事实相反的比方来表达说话人的建议、劝告、惋惜、担忧或后悔的目的，因此虚拟语气和事实是相反的。下面小编就来带你一起学习下，希望对大家有帮助。

1、什么是虚拟语气?

“虚”就是不实，就是和现实中的事实相反。“拟”就是比拟，也就是打比方，“虚拟”两字和在一起就是：打一个和事实相反的比方。

“语气”是表达说话人一种目的或意愿。比如直陈语气就是叙述一件事情;祈使语气表达说话人一种命令、劝告或建议。说白了，语气就是你说话想表达什么意愿。

虚拟语气这两个词加在一起的意思就是：打一个和事实相反的比方来表达说话人的建议、劝告、惋惜、担忧或后悔的目的。

既然是不现实的一种说法，因此虚拟语气和事实是相反的。

2、汉语中的虚拟语气

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例句1：如果我是你，早就把简历交上去了。

“如果我是你”就是打一个和事实相反的比方，也就是“虚拟”。“早就把简历交上去了”就是由“虚拟”的事实推到出来的结果，也就是“语气”，用虚拟语气的目的就是劝别人做一件事：把简历交上去。

事情真实的情况是：我不是你(也不可能是你)，简历没有交上去。因为和事实相反，所以这句话是虚拟语气。

例句2：如果当时我在场，我一定不会让你当众出丑的。

“如果当时我在场”就是打一个和事实相反的比方，也就是虚拟。“不会让你当众出丑的”就是由虚拟的事实推到出来的结果，也就是“语气”，用虚拟语气的目的就是表达自己的后悔：你当众出丑了。

事实情况是：当时我没在场，你当众出丑了。因为和事实相反，所以这句话是虚拟语气。

这种和事实相反主要和时间有关：过去、现在和将来。

3、虚拟语气的三种情况

3-1、和过去事实相反：

我把这种情况称作“事后诸葛亮”。为什么这么说，因为这种情况都已经发生了，过去的结果已经无法改变了，就算诸葛亮来了也没办法改变这个已经发生的结果了。

比如上面提到的那句话：当时如果我在场，我一定不会让你当众出丑的。

你当众出丑是过去的事情，是无法改变的事实，而且我当时也没在场，不可能改变你出丑的结果。说这句话的意思就是表达说话人的悔意或者体现出他想帮助你的善意而已。

注意：汉语中的虚拟语气有很多时候不用“如果”，而是用“要是”，尤其在口语中，用“要是”显得更地道也更“虚拟”。

上面那句话就可以说成：当时要是我在场，我一定不会让你当众出丑的。一般来讲，在汉语中出现“要是”的话，基本上表达一种虚拟的假设，就是虚拟语气。

3-2、和现在事实相反：

我把这种情况称作“异想天开”。因为现在还没有发生，只是一种设想，这种设想的情况是和现在(说这句话的时候)的事实相反的。

比如：如果我中了五百万，我就分一百万给你。(我要是中了五百万，就分一百万给你。)

当说话人说这样的话的时候(现在)，他没有中五百万，你也没有得到一百万，所以是和现在的事实相反。但这种情况和第一种与过去事实相反是截然不同的，和过去事实相反的时候，之前的结果已成定局，无法改变曾经发生的事情，除非能穿越回去。但与现在事实相反的情况下，说话的内容(以后)是有可能发生的，虽然现在说话人当时并没中彩票，但中彩票是可能的事情。这种异想天开的话虽然是虚拟的，但听起来心里也是很高兴的，表达说话人的一种心愿或态度。

3-3、和将来事实相反：

我把这种情况称作“杞人忧天”。因为这种情况往往表达担忧一些事情发生的意思。

比如：如果明天是世界末日，我们可怎么办啊!

因为虚拟的条件“明天要是世界末日”和说话的时候(现在)事实并不相反，因此这句话不是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，而是和以后(将来)事实相反的虚拟语气。和将来事实相反的虚拟语气往往表明担忧以后发生什么不好的事情，如果这种条件是不可能发生(虚拟)的，就要用虚拟语气，如果这种条件可能性很大，也可以用真实条件句来表示。在下面的讲解中我还要把两种情况进行比较。

注意：和将来事实相反的虚拟语气可以用“要是”来代替“如果”，但用“万一”更加体现出说话人的担心程度，所以用“万一”的时候显得虚拟程度更强。

例如：万一他有个三长两短，我们怎么向他父母交代啊。

说了这么多，还没出现一个英文字母，因为对虚拟语气的理解最为重要，理解好了以上三种情况，英语虚拟语气就非常简单了。

4、英语中的虚拟语气

4-1、条件句：是指一种表示假设的主从复合句，即条件状语从句(简称条件句)。一般由连词 if 引导的条件从句引出某种假设，再由主句表示基于这种假设下推出的结果。英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种，非真实条件句就是虚拟条件句，即虚拟语气。

4-1-1真实条件句：表示现实情况中可能实现的条件的情况。

例如：If you add two to three, you get five.

二加三等于五。

“用2加上3”是事实存在真实的条件，因此是真实条件句。

4-1-2非真实条件句：表示与现实情况相反的假想情况。

例如：If you were me, you would do the samething.

如果你是我，你也会那么做的。

“如果你是我”是事实不可能存在的非真实条件，也就是虚拟条件，因此这句话是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟语气。

4-2、形式和意义

英语的语法现象里面需要注意的一点是形式和意义，这一点和汉语不同，比如一般疑问句，英语要把系动词或助动词提前，形式上发生语序的变化，而汉语则不需要语序的变化，只需要在后面加上一个“吗”，再加上问号，用语调上加上一些变化就可以了，当然，英语也需要加上问号和语调变化。所谓的形式就是把助动词或系动词提前，意义就是由陈述一件事情变成了提出一个问题。相对来讲英语的语法比汉语要严谨一些，但还不如斯拉夫语系中比如俄语严谨。俄语属于曲折语言，英语属于半曲折语言。

在时态或语态中经常用形式区分不同的时态或语态，比如进行时的形式是be+doing，过去完成时的形式是had+ done;而被动语态则用be + done的形式来表达被动的含义。

形式可以区别各种时态或语态

意义就是这种时态和语态表示的动作状态，进行时表达的意义是正在进行的动作，过去完成时表达的意义是在过去的某个时间已经完成的动作，被动语态表达的意义就是主语是谓语动作的承受者。

形式起到了区别的作用，意义则体现出动作的状态

之前我们说过虚拟语气的意义，也就是通过打一个和事实相反的比方来达到建议、劝告或后悔等目的，下面我们来了解一下虚拟语气在英语中的形式：

4-2-1、和过去的事实相反(事后诸葛亮)

If 从句（动词形式）

主句（动词形式）

had + done

would/should/could/might have + 过去分词

(条件状语)从句动词用过去完成时的形式，因为明知道动作已经完成，已经成为客观事实，不可能改变了。主句动词用would、should、could或might加上现在完成时形式。

例句1：If you had been more careful, the mistakemight havebeen avoided.

虚拟(和客观事实相反)条件由虚拟条件推导出的和事实相反的结果

译文：如果你仔细一点，这个错误是可以避免的。

你可以理解为这件事发生在一次考试上，考试后看完试卷和答案，你的老师或家长对你说上面的话。事实上是你当时(过去，考试的时候)没有仔细，结果你出现了错误。主句和从句说明的情况都和实际情况相反，而且你也不可能回到过去的考试上去改变这种情况，所以这是和过去事实相反(形式)的虚拟语气。这个虚拟语气的目的主要是想告诉你在以后的考试中你要仔细认真，不要再有类似事情发生，别人这么说的目的是提出批评或建议(意义)，达到下次尽量别发生类似事情的目的。

例句2：Ifit had rained, we would have stayed at home.

要是下雨的话，我们就呆在家里了(就不会发生不好的事情了)。

说这句话的时候可能情况是这样的：之前你们没呆在家里，而是出去玩儿了，在玩儿的过程中发生了一件不好的事，比如谁受了伤或者和别人争吵起来了，后来一想比较后悔，心想：不如那时下雨了，我们就在家里呆着了，那样就不会发生不愉快的事情了，然后说出这样的感慨，表达一种后悔的态度。

总之，和过去事实相反的情况相对好判断：过去已经发生的事情已经无法改变，说话人想通过和过去事实相反的假象来推导出另一个和过去事实相反的结果，目的主要表达批评、建议、提出帮助或后悔等目的。形式的应用也非常合适，从句是过去完成时形式，主句用would、should、could或might加上现在完成时形式。

If 从句（动词形式）

主句（动词形式）

动词用过去式

be动词用were

would/should/could/might + 动词原形

4-2-2、和现在的事实相反(异想天开)

从句用动词过去式形式表示，如果动词是be，不管主语是第几人称都用were。主句用would、should、could或might加上动词原形的形式来表示。

例句1：If I had wings, Iwould fly over the mountains.

如果我有翅膀，我将飞跃高山。

这句话不多说了，一定是虚拟语气，人不可能长翅膀。说这句话的时候(现在)说话人并没有翅膀，因此和现在的现实相反。注意一下形式，从句用动词的过去式形式表示，主句用would+ 动词原形的形式。

例句2：If you could seeme now, you would laugh your head off.

如果你现在看到我，你就会笑掉大牙。

这种情况大概是说话人现在弄得很滑稽，而且另一个人现在不在他的身边，自然也无法看到他，从句和现在事实相反。因为看不到说话人的样子，自然也不会笑掉大牙，主句也和现在事实相矛盾。注意从句的形式：从句中could是can的过去式形式，主句用would+ 动词原形的形式。

4-2-3、和将来的事实相反(杞人忧天)

If 从句（动词形式）

主句（动词形式）

⑴ should/were to + 动词原形

⑵动词过去式

would/should/could/might + 动词原形

我之前说过，和将来事实相反的虚拟语气很难判断，因为将来能发生什么本身就是无法预料的事情，那么怎么能说和将来的事实相反?比如明天是否下雨，连天气预报都不十分准确，你怎么知道未来的条件是真实的还是虚拟的。

大多数情况下，和将来事实相反的虚拟语气和真实条件句其实差别不大，只是虚拟语气多少有些担心或某件事发生的意思，看下面的对比或许会更清晰一些：

例句1、真实条件句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。

例句2、虚拟语气：If it should raintomorrow, we would haveto stay at home.

万一明天下雨，我们就不得不呆在家里了。

上面两句话意思差不多，就是明天如果下雨，我们就在家里呆着，但还是有些细微的差别。真实条件句非常理性：下雨就在家呆着。虚拟语气则有些感性：可能计划着要出去郊游，非常担心下雨，所以用虚拟语气来表达一种担心某种事情发生的意思。

那么我们怎样来使用和将来事实相反的虚拟语气呢?上面的2个例句你通过形式就能判断出哪句是虚拟语气哪句是条件句，在做题的时候可以根据形式来判断出该用虚拟语气形式还是条件句正常形式。如果让你来造句子，如果你想表达担心发生什么事(将来可能发生的)就用虚拟语气形式;如果你想表达非常理性的就用真实条件句的形式。

如果这个条件是将来事实根本不能发生的条件，那么这句话必须用虚拟语气，看下面这个句子：

If the sun should rise from the west,he would change his mind.

如果太阳从西边升起了，他就会改变想法了。

太阳从西边升起是将来不可能发生的事情，因此这句和将来事实相反的条件一定是虚拟的，这种情况必须要用虚拟语气。除此纯虚拟情况以外，用真实条件句来表达也是完全可以的。如果用了虚拟语气，则表达说话人害怕某件事情的发生或者杞人忧天，如果用了真实条件句，则表达说话人非常理性的选择：兵来将挡，水来土掩。

以上需要说明一点：主句都是用would/should/could/might加上动词原形或现在完成时(和过去事实相反)，那么什么时候用would、should、could或might?

would是will的过去式，should是shall的过去式，could是can的过去式，might是may的过去式，表达的可能性不同。would和should就是“将要”，主语是复数第一人称的时候用should，此外还有和将来事实相矛盾的时候从句用should或were to加上动词原形。Could表示可能性比较大，might表示可能性比较小。

作者|苏承宗

公众号：英语语法教程

本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载!

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；

(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：

I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）

If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来

（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：

If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．

She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．

If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．

（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：

Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．

Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．

Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．

（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：

If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．

If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．

在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：

I suggest that we（should）set off at once．

The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．

I wish I were as strong as you．

I would rather that you hadn't told him．

在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．

It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．

4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．

My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．

Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？

在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；

在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

They talked as if they had been friends for years．

She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．

He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．

6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：

在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

It’s time I was going.

It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.

A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.

I wish she would change her mind.

8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said

she liked to stay in China.

9. would rather.

would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

10.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了

11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：

1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。

除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。

He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.

假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？

Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?

12. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。

他把它藏起来以免她看见。

He hid it lest she (should) see it.

我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。

I'll get some beer in case John should come.

他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。

He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．

如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；

如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；

如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。

if only I were you!

If only you had come yesterday!

If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!

If only I had said more about it!

only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。

If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

本组试题将把你带进一个全新的虚拟世界，让你体验解题的无穷乐趣，在你享受快乐的同时，你的解题能力和技巧也会在不知不觉中提高。

1. I ________ that the old man had lived with his daughter ten years ago， but he is still living alone.

A. think B. was thinking C. had thought D. have thought

2. I ________ to go to your birthday party， but I had to look after my mother in hospital.

A. loved B. have loved C. should love D. should have loved

3. They ________ a lecture at 8：30， but they had to put it off because the speaker didn't arrive on time.

4. I would rather not ________ with her about it， but I didn't control my feelings at that time.

A. quarrel B. to quarrel C. have quarreled D. had quarreled

5. - I can't recite the poem.

- Well， you are supposed ________ it many times yesterday evening.

A. to read B. to have read C. reading D. having read

6. If I ________ in health， I ________ swimming in the lake with them yesterday.

7. I went to see my uncle last night. Otherwise， I ________ Mr. Smith at my house.

A. met B. would meet C. had met D. would have met

参考答案与简析：

1. C。一些表心理活动的动词（如think， suppose，guess， hope等）可用“过去完成时或一般过去时后接宾语从句”表示一个“与事实不符的过去的想法、猜想或希望”。

2. D。可用“should / would + have liked / loved + to do sth.”表示“过去本来想要做某事而未曾做到”。

3. A。可用“was / were + to have done sth.”表示“过去本来计划、安排做某事，但并未做到”。

4. C。可用“would rather + have done sth.”表示“主观上本来宁愿做某事，而实际上却没有做”，用否定式则表示“主观上本来宁愿不做某事，而实际上却做了”。

5. B。be supposed有“应该”之意，后面只接不定式，若不定式用完成式，表示“过去本来应该做某事，而实际上没有去做”，用否定式意思相反，此用法也含有批评、责备、抱怨之意。

6. D。当if条件状语从句表示对过去情况的假设时，从句谓语用had done，主句用would have done。

7. D。有时虚拟if条件从句不出现，而是通过某些词语（如otherwise， or， without， but for， but等）暗示虚拟语境，这时句子要用虚拟语气，注意要准确判断时间，决定句子谓语动词形式。此题显然与过去相关。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

主题：虚拟语气

虚拟语气指表示假设、愿望、建议等情况的语气，包括虚拟条件句、虚拟语气的省略形式和虚拟语气的借助语。虚拟语气对于进行口语交流和写作表达都非常重要，因此学习虚拟语气成为了非常必要的一门语法知识。下面介绍虚拟语气的各种形式以及常见用法。

一、虚拟条件句

1. 表示假设情况时，使用虚拟条件句：

If clause: If + 主语+ 过去式，+\*主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形\**.

Example:

① If I had more money, I would travel around the world.（如果我有更多的钱，我就会环游世界。）

② If he could speak Chinese, he would enjoy his trip more. （如果他会说中文，他会更享受旅行。）

2. 表示现在或未来可能性非常小的情况（潜在虚拟语气）：

If clause: If + 主语+ 过去式，+\*主语+ could/would/should + 动词原形\**.

Example:

① If I had more time, I could visit my grandparents.（如果我有更多的时间，我可以去见我的祖父母。）

② If he had the power, he should change the world.（如果他有权力的话，他应该去改变世界。）

二、虚拟语气的省略形式

当条件从句包含一个有些逊色的词、或不需要再次重复，就可以使用虚拟语气中的省略形式，注意时态的一致。

Example:

① Had she studied harder, she might have passed the exam.（如果她学习更努力，她可能会通过考试。）

② If I were you, I would accept the job offer.（如果是我，我会接受这个工作的邀请。）

三、虚拟语气的借助语

1. 表示建议或要求的虚拟语气的借助语：

That clause: It is advisable, necessary, desirable, important, etc. + that + 主语 + （should）+ 动词原形.

Example:

① It is important that he should be on time.（他必须准时到场是很重要的。）

② It is desirable that he study hard.（他应该好好学习是很有必要的。）

2. 表示愿望的虚拟语气的借助语：

That clause: It is (high) time, it is desirable, it is a pity, etc. + that + 过去式

Example:

① It is high time that they stopped making trouble.（他们停止制造麻烦是时候了。）

② It is a pity that you didn’t come to my party.（你没有来我的派对真是可惜。）

以上是虚拟语气的常见形式及使用情况的介绍，希望能对大家的学习和应用有所帮助。虚拟语气的掌握需要不断的练习，在实际中多次使用和尝试，才能达到熟练掌握。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：

①there are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？

③how good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！

①never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：

①if i were a bird, i could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②i wish i could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③may you succeed!祝您成功！

虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：

⑴.would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？

⑵.it would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

⑴、may good luck be yours!祝你好运！

⑵、may you be happy!祝你快乐！

⑶、may you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！

⑷、may you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

⑸、may the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

⑹、may you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。

2、用动词原形。例如：

(1).long live the people! 人民万岁！

(2).“god bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”

(3).have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）

(1).god save me．

1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(simple present)，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。

(1). work !

(2). work harder !

(4). you go out !

(5). do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)

(6). don’t be afraid. (口语中常用don’t 代替do not)

五、在一些习惯表达中。如：

(1).you’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。

(2).i’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。例句：

if i had enough money now ， i would lend it to you.

if i were you ， i would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.

if he had taken your advice ， he wouldn‘t have made such a bad mistake.

she would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn‘t been very busy.

i would go shopping with you if it were to be sunday tomorrow.

if he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.

在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

had i been（= if i had been ） in that situation， i would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

should there be （= if there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如：

if we hadn‘t been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

if the party hadn ‘t led the chinese people to liberate the country，chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with， otherwise， without， but for， in that position ）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

but for the help from you ， i would not have had the chance to go to college.

i would never mind you making such loud noises， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep.

it was so quiet ； you could have heard a pin drop.

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：

1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：

he suggests that she should leave the house at once.

the leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.

he proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of development.

2.与suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

the general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.

my proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3.在it is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ）结构以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

it‘s requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.

it is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish ， would rather 后的宾语从句。如：

he wished he had never been involved in such affairs.

i would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if， as though引导的从句。如：

the little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.

he acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3.由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：

if only i had passed the test ！

if only it stopped raining！

4. it is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：

it is time we went out for a walk.

it was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.

虚拟语气大致上就谈这些了。

✹ 高中虚拟语气课件 ✹

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事条件状语从句分类

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：

从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do

2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.

从句：If 主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done

1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do

②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do

1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.

3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）

4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.

If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：

Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.

Were she here,she would agree with us.

6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等

But for his help,we would be working now.

Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.

eg. I wish I had your brains.

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

(注：if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法）

1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且 should能省略

She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.

He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.

1、一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)一坚持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + do”。should可以省略。eg：

He suggestedthat we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He orderedthat we (should) take the teacher's advice.

insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。 He insists he is a student.

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

His face suggests that he looks worried .

2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wander等。

句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。

eg:

It is strange that such a person should be our friend.

3、在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。

Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.

5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

过去 had + done 现在过去时(be 用were )

将来过去时(be 用were ) （would rather将来情况用一般过去时）

I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.

I'd rather you were here now.

We'd rather you went here tomorrow.

6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式），即从句用虚拟过去式。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

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上一篇：考试说说幽默句子（经典70句） 下一篇：双人模拟主持稿(实用13篇) million.A normal operation costs US 00.It will be some time yet before the price falls and the operation is available to people throughout the world.

1.Why was this kidney operation so unusual?Because ___________.

A.remote surgery was only used on the kidney operation

B.it was a robot that was carrying out the operation

C.the patient and the doctor in control were in different countries

D.it was the first successful operation of remote surgery performed on kidneys

2.What does the underlined word “target” mean in this passage?

A.aim at B.cure

C.meet with D.get close to 

3.What is the key part of the operation of remote surgery?

A.The joysticks. B.The robot.

C.The network. D.The doctor.

4.What advantage do the operations of remote surgery have mainly?

A.The doctors are less stressed during the operations.

B.It is more convenient for doctors to perform the operations.

C.The patients will have less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.

D.The robot is better than a human surgeon.

答案：1.D　主旨大意题。由第一段和第三段可知。

2.A　猜测词义题。target作名词时，表示“目标”，此处用作动词，表示“瞄准”。

3.D　远程手术是由主治大夫操作完成的。

4.C　由文章第七段可知。

5.The author was __________ when he wrote this article.

A.about 23 B.about 15

C.about 8 D.about 18

6.When the manager scolded him the author ___________.

A.was frightened and cried

B.did not say anything

C.felt the manager was right

D.tried to explain the incident

7.It can be inferred that the author ___________.

A.expects the woman to say sorry to him for the mistake she made

B.has forgiven the manager for what he did to him fifteen years ago

C.would like to tell people never to be fooled by an egg sale

D.regrets arguing with the manager for what he didn’t do

答案：5.A　从第二段“he had made a mistake fifteen years ago”和第三段“I was about eight years old at the time”可推断出答案。

6.D　从最后一段中的“I protested my innocence and tried to explain”可知。

It was sad for my three brothers and me to see her ailing in her later years.At eighty-five,she suffered a stroke and she went steadily downhill after that.

“Whirr,” she said weakly.

“Where?” I asked.“Mom,is there something you want?” “Whirr.” she repeated a bit stronger.My brothers and I looked at each other and shook our heads sadly.

Mom opened her eyes,sighed,and with all the energy she could muster said,“Not was.Say were!”

It suddenly occurred to us that Mom was correcting brother’s Jim’s last sentence,“if it was up to me...”

Jim leaned down and kissed her cheek.“Thanks,Mom,” he whispered.We smiled at each other and once again shook our heads this time in awe of a remarkable teacher.

8.When Mom said,“Whirr”,what did she really want to do?

A.She wanted to tell her sons her will.

B.She wanted to have something to eat before she died.

C.She wanted to correct the mistakes Jim made while talking.

D.She wanted to teach her sons more because she was dying.

9.Which of the following statements is NOT right?

A.Mom was a good teacher and never wanted to stop her teaching.

B.Mom was always making her teaching fun.

C.Mom didn’t forget her teaching until she died.

D.Mom was no longer a teacher when she was at home.

10.What does the writer think of his mother?

A.He loved her but was tired of his mother’s teaching at home.

B.His mother should forget her teaching and enjoyed the rest of her life.

C.His mother was great because she devoted herself to teaching.

D.His mother was an excellent teacher before she was retired.

答案：8.C　文章第七、八两段点明了母亲的意图。

9.D　母亲离开讲台后在家里教育子女，直至生命尽头。D项与此不符。

10.C　作者对母亲献身教育的崇敬贯穿全文。第一段有“Mom made learning fun”，最后一段有“this time in awe of a remarkable teacher”。

Ⅴ.短文改错

此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按情况改正:

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。